Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota and Potential Effects of Probiotic Supplements in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes <i>mellitus</i>
The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes <i>mellitus</i> (T2DM) worldwide has become a burden to healthcare systems. In 2019, around 463 million adults were living with diabetes <i>mellitus</i>, and T2DM accounted for 90 to 95% of cases. The relationship between the gut m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2528 |
| _version_ | 1797510385377476608 |
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| author | Rafael Ballan Susana Marta Isay Saad |
| author_facet | Rafael Ballan Susana Marta Isay Saad |
| author_sort | Rafael Ballan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes <i>mellitus</i> (T2DM) worldwide has become a burden to healthcare systems. In 2019, around 463 million adults were living with diabetes <i>mellitus</i>, and T2DM accounted for 90 to 95% of cases. The relationship between the gut microbiota and T2DM has been explored with the advent of metagenomic techniques. Genome-wide association studies evaluating the microbiota of these individuals have pointed to taxonomic, functional, and microbial metabolite imbalances and represent a potential intervention in T2DM management. Several microbial metabolites and components, such as imidazole propionate, trimethylamine, and lipopolysaccharides, appear to impair insulin signaling, while short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites may improve it. In addition, the use of probiotics with the aim of transiently restoring the microbial balance or reducing the effects of microbial metabolites that impair insulin sensitivity has been explored. Herein, we critically review the available literature on the changes in the gut microbiota in T2DM together with potential adjuvant therapies that may improve the health status of this population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:30:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a75fad019e164ada807b69a3557f7c63 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:30:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-a75fad019e164ada807b69a3557f7c632023-11-22T23:18:10ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-10-011011252810.3390/foods10112528Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota and Potential Effects of Probiotic Supplements in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes <i>mellitus</i>Rafael Ballan0Susana Marta Isay Saad1Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, BrazilDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, BrazilThe increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes <i>mellitus</i> (T2DM) worldwide has become a burden to healthcare systems. In 2019, around 463 million adults were living with diabetes <i>mellitus</i>, and T2DM accounted for 90 to 95% of cases. The relationship between the gut microbiota and T2DM has been explored with the advent of metagenomic techniques. Genome-wide association studies evaluating the microbiota of these individuals have pointed to taxonomic, functional, and microbial metabolite imbalances and represent a potential intervention in T2DM management. Several microbial metabolites and components, such as imidazole propionate, trimethylamine, and lipopolysaccharides, appear to impair insulin signaling, while short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites may improve it. In addition, the use of probiotics with the aim of transiently restoring the microbial balance or reducing the effects of microbial metabolites that impair insulin sensitivity has been explored. Herein, we critically review the available literature on the changes in the gut microbiota in T2DM together with potential adjuvant therapies that may improve the health status of this population.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2528diabetes <i>mellitus</i> type 2gut microbiotamicrobial metabolitesdysbiosisprobiotics |
| spellingShingle | Rafael Ballan Susana Marta Isay Saad Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota and Potential Effects of Probiotic Supplements in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes <i>mellitus</i> Foods diabetes <i>mellitus</i> type 2 gut microbiota microbial metabolites dysbiosis probiotics |
| title | Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota and Potential Effects of Probiotic Supplements in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes <i>mellitus</i> |
| title_full | Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota and Potential Effects of Probiotic Supplements in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes <i>mellitus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota and Potential Effects of Probiotic Supplements in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes <i>mellitus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota and Potential Effects of Probiotic Supplements in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes <i>mellitus</i> |
| title_short | Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota and Potential Effects of Probiotic Supplements in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes <i>mellitus</i> |
| title_sort | characteristics of the gut microbiota and potential effects of probiotic supplements in individuals with type 2 diabetes i mellitus i |
| topic | diabetes <i>mellitus</i> type 2 gut microbiota microbial metabolites dysbiosis probiotics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2528 |
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