Airborne soil and dust are potential sources of antimony to residents across Delhi: Exposure likely to occur via dermal route
Background: There is an urgent need to assess sources of toxic metals in highly urbanized environments, to identify high risk areas for testing to enable planning to minimize exposure to residents. Notable toxic metals identified in this study were Antimony (Sb) and mercury (Hg), listed as priority...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Hygiene and Environmental Health Advances |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049223000314 |
| _version_ | 1797706871699668992 |
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| author | Manoj P. Singh Saroj Bhattacharyya Khorshed Chinu Rabeya Akter Christopher E. Marjo |
| author_facet | Manoj P. Singh Saroj Bhattacharyya Khorshed Chinu Rabeya Akter Christopher E. Marjo |
| author_sort | Manoj P. Singh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: There is an urgent need to assess sources of toxic metals in highly urbanized environments, to identify high risk areas for testing to enable planning to minimize exposure to residents. Notable toxic metals identified in this study were Antimony (Sb) and mercury (Hg), listed as priority pollutants by USEPA that can cause a variety of diseases in humans, and cobalt (Co), compounds of which have been shown to be carcinogenic in animal studies. Objectives: Objectives of this study were to measure the level and spatial distribution of toxic metals in roadside soil and road dust across a large area of Delhi. Toxic metals with notably high levels were identified and assessed for potential environmental exposure, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to the population in the study area. Research methods: A sampling scheme was designed to collect soil from a wide range of roadside environments across the urban region of Delhi. The soil and dust fractions were separated and selected toxic metals extracted and analyzed on Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectroscopy (ICP–MS) adopting USEPA methodology. Results: Mean concentrations of Sb (2.62 and 3.59 in μgg−1) were 13 and 18 times higher than background level (0.2 μgg−1) in fine fractions of roadside soil and road dust, respectively in all areas sampled. The Hg and Co were moderately and minimally enriched in a fine fraction of soil and dust, respectively. The fine fraction of soil and dust showed a significant decrease in the Cu/Sb ratio compared to the coarse fraction suggesting an anthropogenic addition of Sb from vehicular brake pads. This study is the first of its type to calculate the cancer risk assessment of Sb from inhalation exposure. Conclusion: Measurements of Sb, Hg and Co in roadside soil and dust are mapped to highlight regions where testing of the population would be advisable. In addition, toxic levels of Sb may enter the human body via a dermal route and cause various diseases including diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus. Finally, our results suggest an immediate change to antimony free brake pads for all vehicles is recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T05:57:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a774b227ebcb4f97bb84afd69952f1dd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2773-0492 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T05:57:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Hygiene and Environmental Health Advances |
| spelling | doaj.art-a774b227ebcb4f97bb84afd69952f1dd2023-09-03T04:24:43ZengElsevierHygiene and Environmental Health Advances2773-04922023-09-017100075Airborne soil and dust are potential sources of antimony to residents across Delhi: Exposure likely to occur via dermal routeManoj P. Singh0Saroj Bhattacharyya1Khorshed Chinu2Rabeya Akter3Christopher E. Marjo4Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; Solid State & Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; Corresponding author at: Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.Solid State & Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, AustraliaSolid State & Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, AustraliaSolid State & Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, AustraliaSolid State & Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; Corresponding author at: Solid State and Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical center, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.Background: There is an urgent need to assess sources of toxic metals in highly urbanized environments, to identify high risk areas for testing to enable planning to minimize exposure to residents. Notable toxic metals identified in this study were Antimony (Sb) and mercury (Hg), listed as priority pollutants by USEPA that can cause a variety of diseases in humans, and cobalt (Co), compounds of which have been shown to be carcinogenic in animal studies. Objectives: Objectives of this study were to measure the level and spatial distribution of toxic metals in roadside soil and road dust across a large area of Delhi. Toxic metals with notably high levels were identified and assessed for potential environmental exposure, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to the population in the study area. Research methods: A sampling scheme was designed to collect soil from a wide range of roadside environments across the urban region of Delhi. The soil and dust fractions were separated and selected toxic metals extracted and analyzed on Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectroscopy (ICP–MS) adopting USEPA methodology. Results: Mean concentrations of Sb (2.62 and 3.59 in μgg−1) were 13 and 18 times higher than background level (0.2 μgg−1) in fine fractions of roadside soil and road dust, respectively in all areas sampled. The Hg and Co were moderately and minimally enriched in a fine fraction of soil and dust, respectively. The fine fraction of soil and dust showed a significant decrease in the Cu/Sb ratio compared to the coarse fraction suggesting an anthropogenic addition of Sb from vehicular brake pads. This study is the first of its type to calculate the cancer risk assessment of Sb from inhalation exposure. Conclusion: Measurements of Sb, Hg and Co in roadside soil and dust are mapped to highlight regions where testing of the population would be advisable. In addition, toxic levels of Sb may enter the human body via a dermal route and cause various diseases including diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus. Finally, our results suggest an immediate change to antimony free brake pads for all vehicles is recommended.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049223000314AntimonyRoadside soilRoad dustEnvironmental exposureCarcinogenic riskDelhi |
| spellingShingle | Manoj P. Singh Saroj Bhattacharyya Khorshed Chinu Rabeya Akter Christopher E. Marjo Airborne soil and dust are potential sources of antimony to residents across Delhi: Exposure likely to occur via dermal route Hygiene and Environmental Health Advances Antimony Roadside soil Road dust Environmental exposure Carcinogenic risk Delhi |
| title | Airborne soil and dust are potential sources of antimony to residents across Delhi: Exposure likely to occur via dermal route |
| title_full | Airborne soil and dust are potential sources of antimony to residents across Delhi: Exposure likely to occur via dermal route |
| title_fullStr | Airborne soil and dust are potential sources of antimony to residents across Delhi: Exposure likely to occur via dermal route |
| title_full_unstemmed | Airborne soil and dust are potential sources of antimony to residents across Delhi: Exposure likely to occur via dermal route |
| title_short | Airborne soil and dust are potential sources of antimony to residents across Delhi: Exposure likely to occur via dermal route |
| title_sort | airborne soil and dust are potential sources of antimony to residents across delhi exposure likely to occur via dermal route |
| topic | Antimony Roadside soil Road dust Environmental exposure Carcinogenic risk Delhi |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049223000314 |
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