Can We Improve the Functional Threshold Power Test by Adding High-Intensity Priming Arm-Crank?
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of arm-crank induced priming on subsequent 20 min Functional Threshold Power Test among 11 well-trained male cyclists (18.8 ± 0.9 years; 182 ± 5 cm; 73.0 ± 6.6 kg; <i>V˙</i>O<sub>2max</sub> 67.9 ± 5.1 mL·kg<sup>−1...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/6/4/88 |
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| author | Dmitri Valiulin Priit Purge Peter Hofmann Jarek Mäestu Jaak Jürimäe |
| author_facet | Dmitri Valiulin Priit Purge Peter Hofmann Jarek Mäestu Jaak Jürimäe |
| author_sort | Dmitri Valiulin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of arm-crank induced priming on subsequent 20 min Functional Threshold Power Test among 11 well-trained male cyclists (18.8 ± 0.9 years; 182 ± 5 cm; 73.0 ± 6.6 kg; <i>V˙</i>O<sub>2max</sub> 67.9 ± 5.1 mL·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup>). Participants completed an incremental test and two maximal performance tests (MPTs) in a randomized order. Warm-up prior to MPT<sub>low</sub> consisted of 20 min aerobic exercise and 25 s high-intensity all-out arm crank effort was added to warm-up in MPT<sub>high</sub>. Constant intensities for the first 17 min of MPT were targeting to achieve a similar relative fatigue according to participants’ physiological capacity before the last 3 min all-out spurt. Final 3 min all-out spurt power was 4.94 ± 0.27 W·kg<sup>−1</sup> and 4.85 ± 0.39 W·kg<sup>−1</sup> in MPT<sub>low</sub> and MPT<sub>high</sub>, respectively (not statistically different: <i>p</i> = 0.116; <i>d</i> = 0.5). Blood lactate [La] levels just before the start were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>d</i> = 2.6) in MPT<sub>high</sub> (5.6 ± 0.5 mmol·L<sup>−1</sup>) compared to MPT<sub>low</sub> (1.1 ± 0.1 mmol·L<sup>−1</sup>). According to <i>V</i><i>˙</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and net [La] data, significantly higher anaerobic energy production was detected among MPT<sub>low</sub> condition. In conclusion, priming significantly reduced anaerobic energy contribution but did neither improve nor decrease group mean performance although effects were variable. We suggest priming to have beneficial effects based on previous studies; however, the effects are individual and additional studies are needed to distinguish such detailed effects in single athletes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:49:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a779224e883e4b5b97e531a20ada50da |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2411-5142 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:49:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a779224e883e4b5b97e531a20ada50da2023-11-23T09:00:12ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology2411-51422021-10-01648810.3390/jfmk6040088Can We Improve the Functional Threshold Power Test by Adding High-Intensity Priming Arm-Crank?Dmitri Valiulin0Priit Purge1Peter Hofmann2Jarek Mäestu3Jaak Jürimäe4Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51008 Tartu, EstoniaInstitute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51008 Tartu, EstoniaTraining & Training Therapy Research Group, Institute of Human Movement Science, Sports & Health, Exercise Physiology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaInstitute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51008 Tartu, EstoniaInstitute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51008 Tartu, EstoniaThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of arm-crank induced priming on subsequent 20 min Functional Threshold Power Test among 11 well-trained male cyclists (18.8 ± 0.9 years; 182 ± 5 cm; 73.0 ± 6.6 kg; <i>V˙</i>O<sub>2max</sub> 67.9 ± 5.1 mL·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup>). Participants completed an incremental test and two maximal performance tests (MPTs) in a randomized order. Warm-up prior to MPT<sub>low</sub> consisted of 20 min aerobic exercise and 25 s high-intensity all-out arm crank effort was added to warm-up in MPT<sub>high</sub>. Constant intensities for the first 17 min of MPT were targeting to achieve a similar relative fatigue according to participants’ physiological capacity before the last 3 min all-out spurt. Final 3 min all-out spurt power was 4.94 ± 0.27 W·kg<sup>−1</sup> and 4.85 ± 0.39 W·kg<sup>−1</sup> in MPT<sub>low</sub> and MPT<sub>high</sub>, respectively (not statistically different: <i>p</i> = 0.116; <i>d</i> = 0.5). Blood lactate [La] levels just before the start were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>d</i> = 2.6) in MPT<sub>high</sub> (5.6 ± 0.5 mmol·L<sup>−1</sup>) compared to MPT<sub>low</sub> (1.1 ± 0.1 mmol·L<sup>−1</sup>). According to <i>V</i><i>˙</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and net [La] data, significantly higher anaerobic energy production was detected among MPT<sub>low</sub> condition. In conclusion, priming significantly reduced anaerobic energy contribution but did neither improve nor decrease group mean performance although effects were variable. We suggest priming to have beneficial effects based on previous studies; however, the effects are individual and additional studies are needed to distinguish such detailed effects in single athletes.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/6/4/88warm-up exerciselactic acidanaerobic thresholdathletic performance |
| spellingShingle | Dmitri Valiulin Priit Purge Peter Hofmann Jarek Mäestu Jaak Jürimäe Can We Improve the Functional Threshold Power Test by Adding High-Intensity Priming Arm-Crank? Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology warm-up exercise lactic acid anaerobic threshold athletic performance |
| title | Can We Improve the Functional Threshold Power Test by Adding High-Intensity Priming Arm-Crank? |
| title_full | Can We Improve the Functional Threshold Power Test by Adding High-Intensity Priming Arm-Crank? |
| title_fullStr | Can We Improve the Functional Threshold Power Test by Adding High-Intensity Priming Arm-Crank? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Can We Improve the Functional Threshold Power Test by Adding High-Intensity Priming Arm-Crank? |
| title_short | Can We Improve the Functional Threshold Power Test by Adding High-Intensity Priming Arm-Crank? |
| title_sort | can we improve the functional threshold power test by adding high intensity priming arm crank |
| topic | warm-up exercise lactic acid anaerobic threshold athletic performance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/6/4/88 |
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