Sex-specific differences in metabolic hormone and adipose tissue dynamics induced by moderate low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diet
Abstract Low-carbohydrates diets are increasingly used to treat obesity and metabolic disorders. A very low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet is hard to follow and, due to the very high fat content, linked to severe side effects, like hyperlipidemia and atherogenesis. Therefore, a less restrictive, unsat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43587-9 |
| _version_ | 1797576642640478208 |
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| author | Ilya Smolensky Kilian Zajac-Bakri Timothy Sasha Odermatt Catherine Brégère John F. Cryan Raphael Guzman Katharina Timper Dragos Inta |
| author_facet | Ilya Smolensky Kilian Zajac-Bakri Timothy Sasha Odermatt Catherine Brégère John F. Cryan Raphael Guzman Katharina Timper Dragos Inta |
| author_sort | Ilya Smolensky |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Low-carbohydrates diets are increasingly used to treat obesity and metabolic disorders. A very low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet is hard to follow and, due to the very high fat content, linked to severe side effects, like hyperlipidemia and atherogenesis. Therefore, a less restrictive, unsaturated fat-based low-carbohydrate diet appears as a promising alternative. Since neither sex differences, nor their effect on specific metabolic hormones and adipose tissue compartments have been investigated thoroughly in these diets, we aimed to analyze their dynamics and metabolic factors in mice. We found a significant sexual dimorphism with decreased body weight and subcutaneous fat only in males on ketogenic diet, while diminished insulin, elevated ghrelin and FGF-21 were present with a differential time course in both sexes. The non-ketogenic moderate low-carbohydrate diet increased body weight and perigonadal fat in females, but induced leptin elevation in males. Both diets enhanced transiently TNFɑ only in males and had no impact on behavior. Altogether, these results reveal complex sex-dependent effect of dietary interventions, indicating unexpectedly females as more prone to unfavorable metabolic effects of low-carbohydrate diets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:55:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a77ed6616ae7458dbf9f55d876a30936 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:55:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-a77ed6616ae7458dbf9f55d876a309362023-11-19T13:07:49ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-09-0113111010.1038/s41598-023-43587-9Sex-specific differences in metabolic hormone and adipose tissue dynamics induced by moderate low-carbohydrate and ketogenic dietIlya Smolensky0Kilian Zajac-Bakri1Timothy Sasha Odermatt2Catherine Brégère3John F. Cryan4Raphael Guzman5Katharina Timper6Dragos Inta7Department of Community Health, University of FribourgDepartment of Community Health, University of FribourgDepartment of Biomedicine, University of BaselDepartment of Biomedicine, University of BaselDepartment of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College CorkDepartment of Biomedicine, University of BaselDepartment of Biomedicine, University of BaselDepartment of Community Health, University of FribourgAbstract Low-carbohydrates diets are increasingly used to treat obesity and metabolic disorders. A very low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet is hard to follow and, due to the very high fat content, linked to severe side effects, like hyperlipidemia and atherogenesis. Therefore, a less restrictive, unsaturated fat-based low-carbohydrate diet appears as a promising alternative. Since neither sex differences, nor their effect on specific metabolic hormones and adipose tissue compartments have been investigated thoroughly in these diets, we aimed to analyze their dynamics and metabolic factors in mice. We found a significant sexual dimorphism with decreased body weight and subcutaneous fat only in males on ketogenic diet, while diminished insulin, elevated ghrelin and FGF-21 were present with a differential time course in both sexes. The non-ketogenic moderate low-carbohydrate diet increased body weight and perigonadal fat in females, but induced leptin elevation in males. Both diets enhanced transiently TNFɑ only in males and had no impact on behavior. Altogether, these results reveal complex sex-dependent effect of dietary interventions, indicating unexpectedly females as more prone to unfavorable metabolic effects of low-carbohydrate diets.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43587-9 |
| spellingShingle | Ilya Smolensky Kilian Zajac-Bakri Timothy Sasha Odermatt Catherine Brégère John F. Cryan Raphael Guzman Katharina Timper Dragos Inta Sex-specific differences in metabolic hormone and adipose tissue dynamics induced by moderate low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diet Scientific Reports |
| title | Sex-specific differences in metabolic hormone and adipose tissue dynamics induced by moderate low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diet |
| title_full | Sex-specific differences in metabolic hormone and adipose tissue dynamics induced by moderate low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diet |
| title_fullStr | Sex-specific differences in metabolic hormone and adipose tissue dynamics induced by moderate low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diet |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex-specific differences in metabolic hormone and adipose tissue dynamics induced by moderate low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diet |
| title_short | Sex-specific differences in metabolic hormone and adipose tissue dynamics induced by moderate low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diet |
| title_sort | sex specific differences in metabolic hormone and adipose tissue dynamics induced by moderate low carbohydrate and ketogenic diet |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43587-9 |
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