Antibodies Capable of Enhancing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Can Circulate in Patients with Severe COVID-19

Antibodies Capable of Enhancing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Can Circulate in Patients with Severe COVID-19

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) has been shown previously for SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. In this study, the first monoclonal antibody (mAb) that causes ADE in a SARS-CoV-2 in vivo model was identified. mAb RS2 against the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein was developed using hy...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Andrey Matveev, Oleg Pyankov, Yana Khlusevich, Olga Tyazhelkova, Lyudmila Emelyanova, Anna Timofeeva, Andrey Shipovalov, Anton Chechushkov, Natalia Zaitseva, Gleb Kudrov, Gaukhar Yusubalieva, Saule Yussubaliyeva, Oxana Zhukova, Vladimir Baklaushev, Sergey Sedykh, Galina Lifshits, Artem Tikunov, Nina Tikunova
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-06-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
antibody-dependent enhancement
monoclonal antibody
virus neutralizing antibody
ADE
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/13/10799
Description
Summary:Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) has been shown previously for SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. In this study, the first monoclonal antibody (mAb) that causes ADE in a SARS-CoV-2 in vivo model was identified. mAb RS2 against the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein was developed using hybridoma technology. mAb RS2 demonstrated sub-nanomolar affinity and ability to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro with IC<sub>50</sub> 360 ng/mL. In an animal model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the dose-dependent protective efficacy of mAb RS2 was revealed. However, in post-exposure prophylaxis, the administration of mAb RS2 led to an increase in the viral load in the respiratory tract of animals. Three groups of blood plasma were examined for antibodies competing with mAb RS2: (1) plasmas from vaccinated donors without COVID-19; (2) plasmas from volunteers with mild symptoms of COVID-19; (3) plasmas from patients with severe COVID-19. It was demonstrated that antibodies competing with mAb RS2 were significantly more often recorded in sera from volunteers with severe COVID-19. The results demonstrated for the first time that in animals, SARS-CoV-2 can induce antibody/antibodies that can elicit ADE. Moreover, in the sera of patients with severe COVID-19, there are antibodies competing for the binding of an epitope that is recognized by the ADE-eliciting mAb.
ISSN:1661-6596
1422-0067

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