In Vitro Propagation of <i>Humulus lupulus</i> through the Induction of Axillary Bud Development
<i>Humulus lupulus</i> (hop) is a necessary material for beer brewing. Improved breeding cultivars of hops with enhanced tolerance to environmental stresses, such as drought and heat stress, accompanying climate change have been developed. However, a propagation system, which is needed f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/8/1066 |
| _version_ | 1797444115074383872 |
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| author | Takeshi Hirakawa Seia Tanno |
| author_facet | Takeshi Hirakawa Seia Tanno |
| author_sort | Takeshi Hirakawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Humulus lupulus</i> (hop) is a necessary material for beer brewing. Improved breeding cultivars of hops with enhanced tolerance to environmental stresses, such as drought and heat stress, accompanying climate change have been developed. However, a propagation system, which is needed for the proliferation of new cultivars, is not currently available for hops. In this study, we found that treatment of stem explants with 0.01–0.05 ppm gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) induced the development of axillary buds in the hop cultivar Kirin-2, resulting in the proliferation of shoot branching. Additionally, 0.01 ppm benzyl adenine (BA) enhanced the development of axillary buds formed in response to 0.05 ppm GA<sub>3</sub> in various hop cultivars, particularly Nugget. The development of axillary buds was strongly repressed by the application of 0.05 ppm BA at a concentration equal to the 0.05 ppm GA<sub>3</sub> concentration, which showed the possibility that a high concentration of cytokinin preferentially prevents the effect of GA<sub>3</sub> on the development of axillary buds in hops. These results indicated that combined treatment of stem explants with GA<sub>3</sub> and cytokinin at appropriate concentrations is effective for the propagation of proliferated hop cultivars through shoot branching. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:07:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7923c259fad448b927a056a11d03c89 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:07:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7923c259fad448b927a056a11d03c892023-11-30T21:46:35ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-04-01118106610.3390/plants11081066In Vitro Propagation of <i>Humulus lupulus</i> through the Induction of Axillary Bud DevelopmentTakeshi Hirakawa0Seia Tanno1Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2, Fujisawa 251-8555, Kanagawa, JapanKirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2, Fujisawa 251-8555, Kanagawa, Japan<i>Humulus lupulus</i> (hop) is a necessary material for beer brewing. Improved breeding cultivars of hops with enhanced tolerance to environmental stresses, such as drought and heat stress, accompanying climate change have been developed. However, a propagation system, which is needed for the proliferation of new cultivars, is not currently available for hops. In this study, we found that treatment of stem explants with 0.01–0.05 ppm gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) induced the development of axillary buds in the hop cultivar Kirin-2, resulting in the proliferation of shoot branching. Additionally, 0.01 ppm benzyl adenine (BA) enhanced the development of axillary buds formed in response to 0.05 ppm GA<sub>3</sub> in various hop cultivars, particularly Nugget. The development of axillary buds was strongly repressed by the application of 0.05 ppm BA at a concentration equal to the 0.05 ppm GA<sub>3</sub> concentration, which showed the possibility that a high concentration of cytokinin preferentially prevents the effect of GA<sub>3</sub> on the development of axillary buds in hops. These results indicated that combined treatment of stem explants with GA<sub>3</sub> and cytokinin at appropriate concentrations is effective for the propagation of proliferated hop cultivars through shoot branching.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/8/1066propagationshoot branchinggibberellic acidcytokinin |
| spellingShingle | Takeshi Hirakawa Seia Tanno In Vitro Propagation of <i>Humulus lupulus</i> through the Induction of Axillary Bud Development Plants propagation shoot branching gibberellic acid cytokinin |
| title | In Vitro Propagation of <i>Humulus lupulus</i> through the Induction of Axillary Bud Development |
| title_full | In Vitro Propagation of <i>Humulus lupulus</i> through the Induction of Axillary Bud Development |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Propagation of <i>Humulus lupulus</i> through the Induction of Axillary Bud Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Propagation of <i>Humulus lupulus</i> through the Induction of Axillary Bud Development |
| title_short | In Vitro Propagation of <i>Humulus lupulus</i> through the Induction of Axillary Bud Development |
| title_sort | in vitro propagation of i humulus lupulus i through the induction of axillary bud development |
| topic | propagation shoot branching gibberellic acid cytokinin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/8/1066 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT takeshihirakawa invitropropagationofihumuluslupulusithroughtheinductionofaxillarybuddevelopment AT seiatanno invitropropagationofihumuluslupulusithroughtheinductionofaxillarybuddevelopment |