Quality and Bending Properties of Scots Pine (<i>Pinus Sylvestris</i> L.) Sawn Timber
The paper presents the partial research results of a mechanical properties study conducted on Scots pine from the Silesian Forestry Area in Poland. The scope of research included the visual strength grading of the timber according to the PN-D-94021:2013 standard, mechanical testing (according to EN...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/11/1200 |
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| author | Izabela Burawska-Kupniewska Sławomir Krzosek Piotr Mańkowski Marek Grześkiewicz |
| author_facet | Izabela Burawska-Kupniewska Sławomir Krzosek Piotr Mańkowski Marek Grześkiewicz |
| author_sort | Izabela Burawska-Kupniewska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The paper presents the partial research results of a mechanical properties study conducted on Scots pine from the Silesian Forestry Area in Poland. The scope of research included the visual strength grading of the timber according to the PN-D-94021:2013 standard, mechanical testing (according to EN 408:2012) and an attempt to assign visuals to the C strength classes. The EN 1912: 2012 standard assigns the visual sorting classes of individual wood species (according to national sorting standards) to the C strength classes introduced by the EN 338: 2018 standard. At the moment, this standard does not assign Polish visual sorting classes (KW, KS, and KG) to C strength classes. The obtained MOE (modulus of elasticity) and MOR (static bending strength) values were corrected according to the EN 384:2018 standard, and their characteristic values were later calculated. On this basis, we proposed a classification of the grading classes determined on the basis of PN-D-94021 into C classes described in EN 338:2018, which is necessary in the process of the transposition of Polish strength grades (KW, KS, KG, and Reject) and the qualification of them in line with EN 1912:2012. The calculated characteristic values of density, MOR and E<sub>0</sub> (the modulus of elasticity parallel to the grain) allowed us to assign Polish visual grades KW, KS, and KG to C35, C30, and C20, respectively. The pine timber under research had high physical and mechanical parameters, which translated into high C classes to which the KW, KS, and KG timber categories were assigned. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a79f8be2a95d47cf9579ad9440fa6c3d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:52:04Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-a79f8be2a95d47cf9579ad9440fa6c3d2023-11-20T20:56:55ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072020-11-011111120010.3390/f11111200Quality and Bending Properties of Scots Pine (<i>Pinus Sylvestris</i> L.) Sawn TimberIzabela Burawska-Kupniewska0Sławomir Krzosek1Piotr Mańkowski2Marek Grześkiewicz3Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandThe paper presents the partial research results of a mechanical properties study conducted on Scots pine from the Silesian Forestry Area in Poland. The scope of research included the visual strength grading of the timber according to the PN-D-94021:2013 standard, mechanical testing (according to EN 408:2012) and an attempt to assign visuals to the C strength classes. The EN 1912: 2012 standard assigns the visual sorting classes of individual wood species (according to national sorting standards) to the C strength classes introduced by the EN 338: 2018 standard. At the moment, this standard does not assign Polish visual sorting classes (KW, KS, and KG) to C strength classes. The obtained MOE (modulus of elasticity) and MOR (static bending strength) values were corrected according to the EN 384:2018 standard, and their characteristic values were later calculated. On this basis, we proposed a classification of the grading classes determined on the basis of PN-D-94021 into C classes described in EN 338:2018, which is necessary in the process of the transposition of Polish strength grades (KW, KS, KG, and Reject) and the qualification of them in line with EN 1912:2012. The calculated characteristic values of density, MOR and E<sub>0</sub> (the modulus of elasticity parallel to the grain) allowed us to assign Polish visual grades KW, KS, and KG to C35, C30, and C20, respectively. The pine timber under research had high physical and mechanical parameters, which translated into high C classes to which the KW, KS, and KG timber categories were assigned.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/11/1200scots pine timbervisual gradingstrength grading |
| spellingShingle | Izabela Burawska-Kupniewska Sławomir Krzosek Piotr Mańkowski Marek Grześkiewicz Quality and Bending Properties of Scots Pine (<i>Pinus Sylvestris</i> L.) Sawn Timber Forests scots pine timber visual grading strength grading |
| title | Quality and Bending Properties of Scots Pine (<i>Pinus Sylvestris</i> L.) Sawn Timber |
| title_full | Quality and Bending Properties of Scots Pine (<i>Pinus Sylvestris</i> L.) Sawn Timber |
| title_fullStr | Quality and Bending Properties of Scots Pine (<i>Pinus Sylvestris</i> L.) Sawn Timber |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quality and Bending Properties of Scots Pine (<i>Pinus Sylvestris</i> L.) Sawn Timber |
| title_short | Quality and Bending Properties of Scots Pine (<i>Pinus Sylvestris</i> L.) Sawn Timber |
| title_sort | quality and bending properties of scots pine i pinus sylvestris i l sawn timber |
| topic | scots pine timber visual grading strength grading |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/11/1200 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT izabelaburawskakupniewska qualityandbendingpropertiesofscotspineipinussylvestrisilsawntimber AT sławomirkrzosek qualityandbendingpropertiesofscotspineipinussylvestrisilsawntimber AT piotrmankowski qualityandbendingpropertiesofscotspineipinussylvestrisilsawntimber AT marekgrzeskiewicz qualityandbendingpropertiesofscotspineipinussylvestrisilsawntimber |