Meal occasion, overweight, obesity and central obesity in children and adults: a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative survey. Colombia, 2015
Objective To establish the association of the number of meals/day with overweight (Ow), obesity (Ob) and central obesity (CO).Design Cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys.Setting Colombia.Participants A total of 6985 children aged 5–17 years and 7846 adults aged 18–64 years were include...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2022-09-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/9/e064832.full |
| _version_ | 1828723612643753984 |
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| author | Oscar Fernando Herrán Catalina Herrán-Fonseca |
| author_facet | Oscar Fernando Herrán Catalina Herrán-Fonseca |
| author_sort | Oscar Fernando Herrán |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective To establish the association of the number of meals/day with overweight (Ow), obesity (Ob) and central obesity (CO).Design Cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys.Setting Colombia.Participants A total of 6985 children aged 5–17 years and 7846 adults aged 18–64 years were included.Main outcomes and measures According to the WHO, Ow was defined in children as a body mass index (BMI)-for-age Z-score between >1 and ≤2 and in adults as a BMI between ≥25 and <30 (kg/m2). Ob was defined as a Z-score >2 in children and as a BMI ≥30 in adults. CO in children was established by sex and age using cut-off points equivalent to those of adults established by the International Diabetes Federation: ≥90 and ≥80 cm in males and females, respectively. The number of meals/day was estimated with a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Meals/day were grouped into three categories: (reference ≤3, 4 and 5+ meals/day). Crude and adjusted relative prevalence ratios (PRs) and their 95% CIs were calculated. The adjustments included usual energy intake/day and physical activity.Results In children, 18.5% had Ow, 6.7% had Ob and 4.0% had CO. The adjusted PRs for five or more meals/day versus three or fewer meals/day were 1.10 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.55) for Ow, 0.95 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.59) for Ob and 1.06 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.55) for CO. In adults, 32.3% had Ow, 13.1% had Ob and 44.8% had CO. The adjusted PRs for five or more meals/day versus three or fewer meals/day were 0.58 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.76) for Ow, 0.51 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.72) for Ob and 0.70 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.92) for CO.Conclusions In children, meals/day were not associated with Ow, Ob or CO. In adults, this inverse relationship exists regardless of energy intake/day, whether physical activity goals are met, sex, age and other potentially confounding sociodemographic and environmental variables. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T12:52:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7aad7444985420e88237e428e091103 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T12:52:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7aad7444985420e88237e428e0911032022-12-22T03:32:24ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552022-09-0112910.1136/bmjopen-2022-064832Meal occasion, overweight, obesity and central obesity in children and adults: a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative survey. Colombia, 2015Oscar Fernando Herrán0Catalina Herrán-Fonseca1Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, ColombiaPrograma Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Santander, ColombiaObjective To establish the association of the number of meals/day with overweight (Ow), obesity (Ob) and central obesity (CO).Design Cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys.Setting Colombia.Participants A total of 6985 children aged 5–17 years and 7846 adults aged 18–64 years were included.Main outcomes and measures According to the WHO, Ow was defined in children as a body mass index (BMI)-for-age Z-score between >1 and ≤2 and in adults as a BMI between ≥25 and <30 (kg/m2). Ob was defined as a Z-score >2 in children and as a BMI ≥30 in adults. CO in children was established by sex and age using cut-off points equivalent to those of adults established by the International Diabetes Federation: ≥90 and ≥80 cm in males and females, respectively. The number of meals/day was estimated with a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Meals/day were grouped into three categories: (reference ≤3, 4 and 5+ meals/day). Crude and adjusted relative prevalence ratios (PRs) and their 95% CIs were calculated. The adjustments included usual energy intake/day and physical activity.Results In children, 18.5% had Ow, 6.7% had Ob and 4.0% had CO. The adjusted PRs for five or more meals/day versus three or fewer meals/day were 1.10 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.55) for Ow, 0.95 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.59) for Ob and 1.06 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.55) for CO. In adults, 32.3% had Ow, 13.1% had Ob and 44.8% had CO. The adjusted PRs for five or more meals/day versus three or fewer meals/day were 0.58 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.76) for Ow, 0.51 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.72) for Ob and 0.70 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.92) for CO.Conclusions In children, meals/day were not associated with Ow, Ob or CO. In adults, this inverse relationship exists regardless of energy intake/day, whether physical activity goals are met, sex, age and other potentially confounding sociodemographic and environmental variables.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/9/e064832.full |
| spellingShingle | Oscar Fernando Herrán Catalina Herrán-Fonseca Meal occasion, overweight, obesity and central obesity in children and adults: a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative survey. Colombia, 2015 BMJ Open |
| title | Meal occasion, overweight, obesity and central obesity in children and adults: a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative survey. Colombia, 2015 |
| title_full | Meal occasion, overweight, obesity and central obesity in children and adults: a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative survey. Colombia, 2015 |
| title_fullStr | Meal occasion, overweight, obesity and central obesity in children and adults: a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative survey. Colombia, 2015 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Meal occasion, overweight, obesity and central obesity in children and adults: a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative survey. Colombia, 2015 |
| title_short | Meal occasion, overweight, obesity and central obesity in children and adults: a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative survey. Colombia, 2015 |
| title_sort | meal occasion overweight obesity and central obesity in children and adults a cross sectional study based on a nationally representative survey colombia 2015 |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/9/e064832.full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT oscarfernandoherran mealoccasionoverweightobesityandcentralobesityinchildrenandadultsacrosssectionalstudybasedonanationallyrepresentativesurveycolombia2015 AT catalinaherranfonseca mealoccasionoverweightobesityandcentralobesityinchildrenandadultsacrosssectionalstudybasedonanationallyrepresentativesurveycolombia2015 |