Design of an Experimental Study for the Simultaneous Determination of Cefepime, Piperacillin and Tazobactam Using Micellar Organic Solvent-Free HPLC
Application of Sustainable analytical chemistry concepts has become crucial in order to remove the environmentally harmful impacts originating from the routine use of analytical techniques. Here, a new LC method is developed and its parameters are analyzed, depending on a mixed micellar mobile phase...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | Separations |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/9/8/215 |
| _version_ | 1797431708606267392 |
|---|---|
| author | Hani M. Hafez Sami El Deeb Esraa Abd Alkareem Naji Zahraa Ali Aziz Amaal Sajid Mahmood Nooralhuda Ibrahim Khalil Adel Ehab Ibrahim |
| author_facet | Hani M. Hafez Sami El Deeb Esraa Abd Alkareem Naji Zahraa Ali Aziz Amaal Sajid Mahmood Nooralhuda Ibrahim Khalil Adel Ehab Ibrahim |
| author_sort | Hani M. Hafez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Application of Sustainable analytical chemistry concepts has become crucial in order to remove the environmentally harmful impacts originating from the routine use of analytical techniques. Here, a new LC method is developed and its parameters are analyzed, depending on a mixed micellar mobile phase. This was primarily aimed at getting rid of the use of organic solvents in conventional routine analyses. Combinations of tazobactam (TZB) with piperacillin (PPC) or cefepime (CFM) are commonly used as effective antimicrobial therapies, especially for resistant strains. Therefore, the three drugs were separated and quantified using an organic solvent-free mobile phase. The mixed micellar mobile phase was comprised of 15 mM Brij-35 with 38 mM SDS, adjusted to pH 3.5. Separation was performed by HPLC on monolithic RP-C18 column Chromolith® Performance RP-18e (100 mm × 4.6 mm) at a rate of 1 mL per minute of flow in conjunction with a measurement wavelength 210 nm. The method was found valid and applicable in accordance of precision, and accuracy within ranges of 5–100 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> for PPC and CFM and of 0.625–12.5 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> for TZB. The quality-by-design technique was used to analyze the effect of modifying the mixed micellar ratios on separation efficiency and conclude their behavior. Finally, the suggested approach was assessed applying the green analytical procedure index against the greenest published methodology to show superiority. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:49:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7ab5778b6f24449af15e3fd0a763fda |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:49:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Separations |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7ab5778b6f24449af15e3fd0a763fda2023-12-02T00:18:04ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392022-08-019821510.3390/separations9080215Design of an Experimental Study for the Simultaneous Determination of Cefepime, Piperacillin and Tazobactam Using Micellar Organic Solvent-Free HPLCHani M. Hafez0Sami El Deeb1Esraa Abd Alkareem Naji2Zahraa Ali Aziz3Amaal Sajid Mahmood4Nooralhuda Ibrahim Khalil5Adel Ehab Ibrahim6Pharmacy Department, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad 10045, IraqInstitute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyPharmacy Department, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad 10045, IraqPharmacy Department, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad 10045, IraqPharmacy Department, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad 10045, IraqPharmacy Department, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad 10045, IraqPharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port Fouad 42526, EgyptApplication of Sustainable analytical chemistry concepts has become crucial in order to remove the environmentally harmful impacts originating from the routine use of analytical techniques. Here, a new LC method is developed and its parameters are analyzed, depending on a mixed micellar mobile phase. This was primarily aimed at getting rid of the use of organic solvents in conventional routine analyses. Combinations of tazobactam (TZB) with piperacillin (PPC) or cefepime (CFM) are commonly used as effective antimicrobial therapies, especially for resistant strains. Therefore, the three drugs were separated and quantified using an organic solvent-free mobile phase. The mixed micellar mobile phase was comprised of 15 mM Brij-35 with 38 mM SDS, adjusted to pH 3.5. Separation was performed by HPLC on monolithic RP-C18 column Chromolith® Performance RP-18e (100 mm × 4.6 mm) at a rate of 1 mL per minute of flow in conjunction with a measurement wavelength 210 nm. The method was found valid and applicable in accordance of precision, and accuracy within ranges of 5–100 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> for PPC and CFM and of 0.625–12.5 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> for TZB. The quality-by-design technique was used to analyze the effect of modifying the mixed micellar ratios on separation efficiency and conclude their behavior. Finally, the suggested approach was assessed applying the green analytical procedure index against the greenest published methodology to show superiority.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/9/8/215micellar liquid chromatographydesign of experimentcefepimepiperacillintazobactam |
| spellingShingle | Hani M. Hafez Sami El Deeb Esraa Abd Alkareem Naji Zahraa Ali Aziz Amaal Sajid Mahmood Nooralhuda Ibrahim Khalil Adel Ehab Ibrahim Design of an Experimental Study for the Simultaneous Determination of Cefepime, Piperacillin and Tazobactam Using Micellar Organic Solvent-Free HPLC Separations micellar liquid chromatography design of experiment cefepime piperacillin tazobactam |
| title | Design of an Experimental Study for the Simultaneous Determination of Cefepime, Piperacillin and Tazobactam Using Micellar Organic Solvent-Free HPLC |
| title_full | Design of an Experimental Study for the Simultaneous Determination of Cefepime, Piperacillin and Tazobactam Using Micellar Organic Solvent-Free HPLC |
| title_fullStr | Design of an Experimental Study for the Simultaneous Determination of Cefepime, Piperacillin and Tazobactam Using Micellar Organic Solvent-Free HPLC |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design of an Experimental Study for the Simultaneous Determination of Cefepime, Piperacillin and Tazobactam Using Micellar Organic Solvent-Free HPLC |
| title_short | Design of an Experimental Study for the Simultaneous Determination of Cefepime, Piperacillin and Tazobactam Using Micellar Organic Solvent-Free HPLC |
| title_sort | design of an experimental study for the simultaneous determination of cefepime piperacillin and tazobactam using micellar organic solvent free hplc |
| topic | micellar liquid chromatography design of experiment cefepime piperacillin tazobactam |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/9/8/215 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hanimhafez designofanexperimentalstudyforthesimultaneousdeterminationofcefepimepiperacillinandtazobactamusingmicellarorganicsolventfreehplc AT samieldeeb designofanexperimentalstudyforthesimultaneousdeterminationofcefepimepiperacillinandtazobactamusingmicellarorganicsolventfreehplc AT esraaabdalkareemnaji designofanexperimentalstudyforthesimultaneousdeterminationofcefepimepiperacillinandtazobactamusingmicellarorganicsolventfreehplc AT zahraaaliaziz designofanexperimentalstudyforthesimultaneousdeterminationofcefepimepiperacillinandtazobactamusingmicellarorganicsolventfreehplc AT amaalsajidmahmood designofanexperimentalstudyforthesimultaneousdeterminationofcefepimepiperacillinandtazobactamusingmicellarorganicsolventfreehplc AT nooralhudaibrahimkhalil designofanexperimentalstudyforthesimultaneousdeterminationofcefepimepiperacillinandtazobactamusingmicellarorganicsolventfreehplc AT adelehabibrahim designofanexperimentalstudyforthesimultaneousdeterminationofcefepimepiperacillinandtazobactamusingmicellarorganicsolventfreehplc |