Embedding Biometric Information in Interpolated Medical Images with a Reversible and Adaptive Strategy
How to hide messages in digital images so that messages cannot be discovered and tampered with is a compelling topic in the research area of cybersecurity. The interpolation-based reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme is especially useful for the application of medical image management. The biometric...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7942 |
| _version_ | 1827647976105836544 |
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| author | Heng-Xiao Chi Ji-Hwei Horng Chin-Chen Chang Yung-Hui Li |
| author_facet | Heng-Xiao Chi Ji-Hwei Horng Chin-Chen Chang Yung-Hui Li |
| author_sort | Heng-Xiao Chi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | How to hide messages in digital images so that messages cannot be discovered and tampered with is a compelling topic in the research area of cybersecurity. The interpolation-based reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme is especially useful for the application of medical image management. The biometric information of patients acquired by biosensors is embedded into an interpolated medical image for the purpose of authentication. The proposed scheme classifies pixel blocks into complex and smooth ones according to each block’s dynamic range of pixel values. For a complex block, the minimum-neighbor (MN) interpolation followed by DIM embedding is applied, where DIM denotes the difference between the block’s interpolated pixel values and the maximum pixel values. For a smooth block, the block mean (BM) interpolation is followed by a prediction error histogram (PEH) embedding and a difference expansion (DE) embedding is applied. Compared with previous methods, this adaptive strategy ensures low distortion due to embedding for smooth blocks while it provides a good payload for complex blocks. Our scheme is suitable for both medical and general images. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Performance comparisons with state-of-the-art schemes are also given. The peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of the proposed scheme is 10.32 dB higher than the relevant works in the best case. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:30:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7ac205381c443e9b236efaa8d73a04a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:30:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7ac205381c443e9b236efaa8d73a04a2023-11-24T02:28:59ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-10-012220794210.3390/s22207942Embedding Biometric Information in Interpolated Medical Images with a Reversible and Adaptive StrategyHeng-Xiao Chi0Ji-Hwei Horng1Chin-Chen Chang2Yung-Hui Li3Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, TaiwanDepartment of Electronic Engineering, National Quemoy University, Kinmen 89250, TaiwanDepartment of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, TaiwanAI Research Center, Hon Hai (Foxconn) Research Institute, Taipei City 114699, TaiwanHow to hide messages in digital images so that messages cannot be discovered and tampered with is a compelling topic in the research area of cybersecurity. The interpolation-based reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme is especially useful for the application of medical image management. The biometric information of patients acquired by biosensors is embedded into an interpolated medical image for the purpose of authentication. The proposed scheme classifies pixel blocks into complex and smooth ones according to each block’s dynamic range of pixel values. For a complex block, the minimum-neighbor (MN) interpolation followed by DIM embedding is applied, where DIM denotes the difference between the block’s interpolated pixel values and the maximum pixel values. For a smooth block, the block mean (BM) interpolation is followed by a prediction error histogram (PEH) embedding and a difference expansion (DE) embedding is applied. Compared with previous methods, this adaptive strategy ensures low distortion due to embedding for smooth blocks while it provides a good payload for complex blocks. Our scheme is suitable for both medical and general images. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Performance comparisons with state-of-the-art schemes are also given. The peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of the proposed scheme is 10.32 dB higher than the relevant works in the best case.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7942data hidinginterpolationreversible data hidingmedical image |
| spellingShingle | Heng-Xiao Chi Ji-Hwei Horng Chin-Chen Chang Yung-Hui Li Embedding Biometric Information in Interpolated Medical Images with a Reversible and Adaptive Strategy Sensors data hiding interpolation reversible data hiding medical image |
| title | Embedding Biometric Information in Interpolated Medical Images with a Reversible and Adaptive Strategy |
| title_full | Embedding Biometric Information in Interpolated Medical Images with a Reversible and Adaptive Strategy |
| title_fullStr | Embedding Biometric Information in Interpolated Medical Images with a Reversible and Adaptive Strategy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Embedding Biometric Information in Interpolated Medical Images with a Reversible and Adaptive Strategy |
| title_short | Embedding Biometric Information in Interpolated Medical Images with a Reversible and Adaptive Strategy |
| title_sort | embedding biometric information in interpolated medical images with a reversible and adaptive strategy |
| topic | data hiding interpolation reversible data hiding medical image |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7942 |
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