Efficacy and Tolerability of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation in the Treatment of Anxiety: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) for patients with anxiety symptoms.MethodWe searched the Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase and Medline for randomized control trials (RCTs) from the time...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.899040/full |
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| author | Pao-Yuan Ching Tien-Wei Hsu Guan-Wei Chen Chih-Chuan Pan Che-Sheng Chu Che-Sheng Chu Che-Sheng Chu Che-Sheng Chu Po-Han Chou |
| author_facet | Pao-Yuan Ching Tien-Wei Hsu Guan-Wei Chen Chih-Chuan Pan Che-Sheng Chu Che-Sheng Chu Che-Sheng Chu Che-Sheng Chu Po-Han Chou |
| author_sort | Pao-Yuan Ching |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) for patients with anxiety symptoms.MethodWe searched the Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase and Medline for randomized control trials (RCTs) from the time of inception until November 15, 2021, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. The primary outcomes were the mean change scores for anxiety symptoms. The secondary outcomes were the mean change scores for depressive symptoms.ResultsEleven RCTs were eligible (n = 794, mean age: 41.4, mean population of female: 64.8%). CES significantly reduced the anxiety symptoms compared to the control group [k = 11, n = 692, Hedge's g = −0.625, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = −0.952 to −0.298, P < 0.001] with moderate effect size. The subgroup analysis showed that CES reduced both primary and secondary anxiety (primary anxiety, k =3, n = 288, Hedges' g = −1.218, 95% CIs = −1.418 to −0.968, P = 0.007; secondary anxiety, k = 8, n = 504, Hedges' g = −0.334, 95% CIs = −0.570 to −0.098, P = 0.006). After performing between group analysis, we found CES has significant better efficacy for patients with primary anxiety than those with secondary anxiety (P < 0.001). For secondary outcome, CES significantly reduced depressive symptoms in patients with anxiety disorders (k = 8, n = 552, Hedges' g = −0.648, 95% CIs = −1.062 to −0.234, P = 0.002). No severe side effects were reported and the most commonly reported adverse events were ear discomfort and ear pain.ConclusionWe found CES is effective in reducing anxiety symptoms with moderate effect size in patients with both primary and secondary anxiety. Furthermore, CES was well-tolerated and acceptable.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021267916. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:17:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7c1660b26104ce184b9cb2d2f2fa38f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:17:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7c1660b26104ce184b9cb2d2f2fa38f2022-12-22T03:31:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402022-06-011310.3389/fpsyt.2022.899040899040Efficacy and Tolerability of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation in the Treatment of Anxiety: A Systemic Review and Meta-AnalysisPao-Yuan Ching0Tien-Wei Hsu1Guan-Wei Chen2Chih-Chuan Pan3Che-Sheng Chu4Che-Sheng Chu5Che-Sheng Chu6Che-Sheng Chu7Po-Han Chou8Department of Psychiatric, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Psychiatric, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Psychiatric, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Psychiatric, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Psychiatric, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, TaiwanCenter for Geriatric and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, TaiwanNon-Invasive Neuromodulation Consortium for Mental Disorders, Society of Psychophysiology, Taipei, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, China Medical University, Hsinchu, TaiwanObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) for patients with anxiety symptoms.MethodWe searched the Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase and Medline for randomized control trials (RCTs) from the time of inception until November 15, 2021, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. The primary outcomes were the mean change scores for anxiety symptoms. The secondary outcomes were the mean change scores for depressive symptoms.ResultsEleven RCTs were eligible (n = 794, mean age: 41.4, mean population of female: 64.8%). CES significantly reduced the anxiety symptoms compared to the control group [k = 11, n = 692, Hedge's g = −0.625, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = −0.952 to −0.298, P < 0.001] with moderate effect size. The subgroup analysis showed that CES reduced both primary and secondary anxiety (primary anxiety, k =3, n = 288, Hedges' g = −1.218, 95% CIs = −1.418 to −0.968, P = 0.007; secondary anxiety, k = 8, n = 504, Hedges' g = −0.334, 95% CIs = −0.570 to −0.098, P = 0.006). After performing between group analysis, we found CES has significant better efficacy for patients with primary anxiety than those with secondary anxiety (P < 0.001). For secondary outcome, CES significantly reduced depressive symptoms in patients with anxiety disorders (k = 8, n = 552, Hedges' g = −0.648, 95% CIs = −1.062 to −0.234, P = 0.002). No severe side effects were reported and the most commonly reported adverse events were ear discomfort and ear pain.ConclusionWe found CES is effective in reducing anxiety symptoms with moderate effect size in patients with both primary and secondary anxiety. Furthermore, CES was well-tolerated and acceptable.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021267916.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.899040/fullanxietycranial electrotherapy stimulationdepressionefficacymeta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Pao-Yuan Ching Tien-Wei Hsu Guan-Wei Chen Chih-Chuan Pan Che-Sheng Chu Che-Sheng Chu Che-Sheng Chu Che-Sheng Chu Po-Han Chou Efficacy and Tolerability of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation in the Treatment of Anxiety: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis Frontiers in Psychiatry anxiety cranial electrotherapy stimulation depression efficacy meta-analysis |
| title | Efficacy and Tolerability of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation in the Treatment of Anxiety: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Efficacy and Tolerability of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation in the Treatment of Anxiety: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy and Tolerability of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation in the Treatment of Anxiety: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy and Tolerability of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation in the Treatment of Anxiety: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Efficacy and Tolerability of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation in the Treatment of Anxiety: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | efficacy and tolerability of cranial electrotherapy stimulation in the treatment of anxiety a systemic review and meta analysis |
| topic | anxiety cranial electrotherapy stimulation depression efficacy meta-analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.899040/full |
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