СASES OF HUMAN CONVALESCENCE FROM RABIES AND LIFETIME DIAGNOSTICS OF LYSSAVIRUS ENCEPHALITIS
Notwithstanding the availability of effective vaccines, 40 - 60 thousand rabies cases in humans are reported every year. Almost always the disease is fatal because therapeutic treatment of lyssavirus encephalitis has not been developed. Since 1970 the number of reports on rare cases of convalescence...
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Central Research Institute for Epidemiology
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Вопросы вирусологии |
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| Online Access: | https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/viewFile/233/136 |
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| author | A. E. Metlin A. D. Botvinkin A. L. Elakov K. N. Gruzdev |
| author_facet | A. E. Metlin A. D. Botvinkin A. L. Elakov K. N. Gruzdev |
| author_sort | A. E. Metlin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Notwithstanding the availability of effective vaccines, 40 - 60 thousand rabies cases in humans are reported every year. Almost always the disease is fatal because therapeutic treatment of lyssavirus encephalitis has not been developed. Since 1970 the number of reports on rare cases of convalescence including those using experimental treatment protocols has been gradually increasing 20 cases of convalescence, “partial” convalescence or long-term survival of humans (1970-2015) were selected as they were complaint with laboratory criteria of active lyssavirus infection. Children and teenagers were predominant in the analyzed group (85%). The cases were irregularly spread between the continents: Asia - 6 cases, North America - 6 cases, Africa - 2 cases and Europe - 1 case. India and the USA were on the top of the list of countries by the number of described cases. More than 60% humans were infected from dogs, three cases got infection from bats and 2 cases were allegedly associated with an unknown lyssavirus and an unidentified infection source. 70% cases were vaccinated and 10% cases were treated with gamma globulin before the disease onset. Serological tests for detection of antibodies to lyssaviruses in cerebrospinal fluid of infected humans were typically used for diagnostic laboratory verification. Less than 30% IFA and PCR positives were obtained. Lyssaviruses were never detected. Only 4 convalescent patients were treated using experimental protocols. 80% cases demonstrated severe neurological consequences, four (may be more) patients died afterwards within the period from two months to four years. Different perspectives on prospects of Milwaukee protocol use and other therapeutic techniques are given. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:08:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7cae381d36d474fb3d9db7611e06e9a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0507-4088 2411-2097 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:08:56Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | Central Research Institute for Epidemiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Вопросы вирусологии |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7cae381d36d474fb3d9db7611e06e9a2023-07-12T19:59:20ZengCentral Research Institute for EpidemiologyВопросы вирусологии0507-40882411-20972019-02-01641424810.18821/0507-4088-2019-64-1-42-48213СASES OF HUMAN CONVALESCENCE FROM RABIES AND LIFETIME DIAGNOSTICS OF LYSSAVIRUS ENCEPHALITISA. E. Metlin0A. D. Botvinkin1A. L. Elakov2K. N. Gruzdev3Federal Center for Animal HealthIrkutstky State Medical UniversityD.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, «National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»Federal Center for Animal HealthNotwithstanding the availability of effective vaccines, 40 - 60 thousand rabies cases in humans are reported every year. Almost always the disease is fatal because therapeutic treatment of lyssavirus encephalitis has not been developed. Since 1970 the number of reports on rare cases of convalescence including those using experimental treatment protocols has been gradually increasing 20 cases of convalescence, “partial” convalescence or long-term survival of humans (1970-2015) were selected as they were complaint with laboratory criteria of active lyssavirus infection. Children and teenagers were predominant in the analyzed group (85%). The cases were irregularly spread between the continents: Asia - 6 cases, North America - 6 cases, Africa - 2 cases and Europe - 1 case. India and the USA were on the top of the list of countries by the number of described cases. More than 60% humans were infected from dogs, three cases got infection from bats and 2 cases were allegedly associated with an unknown lyssavirus and an unidentified infection source. 70% cases were vaccinated and 10% cases were treated with gamma globulin before the disease onset. Serological tests for detection of antibodies to lyssaviruses in cerebrospinal fluid of infected humans were typically used for diagnostic laboratory verification. Less than 30% IFA and PCR positives were obtained. Lyssaviruses were never detected. Only 4 convalescent patients were treated using experimental protocols. 80% cases demonstrated severe neurological consequences, four (may be more) patients died afterwards within the period from two months to four years. Different perspectives on prospects of Milwaukee protocol use and other therapeutic techniques are given.https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/viewFile/233/136convalescence from rabieslifetime laboratory diagnosticsexperimental protocolreview |
| spellingShingle | A. E. Metlin A. D. Botvinkin A. L. Elakov K. N. Gruzdev СASES OF HUMAN CONVALESCENCE FROM RABIES AND LIFETIME DIAGNOSTICS OF LYSSAVIRUS ENCEPHALITIS Вопросы вирусологии convalescence from rabies lifetime laboratory diagnostics experimental protocol review |
| title | СASES OF HUMAN CONVALESCENCE FROM RABIES AND LIFETIME DIAGNOSTICS OF LYSSAVIRUS ENCEPHALITIS |
| title_full | СASES OF HUMAN CONVALESCENCE FROM RABIES AND LIFETIME DIAGNOSTICS OF LYSSAVIRUS ENCEPHALITIS |
| title_fullStr | СASES OF HUMAN CONVALESCENCE FROM RABIES AND LIFETIME DIAGNOSTICS OF LYSSAVIRUS ENCEPHALITIS |
| title_full_unstemmed | СASES OF HUMAN CONVALESCENCE FROM RABIES AND LIFETIME DIAGNOSTICS OF LYSSAVIRUS ENCEPHALITIS |
| title_short | СASES OF HUMAN CONVALESCENCE FROM RABIES AND LIFETIME DIAGNOSTICS OF LYSSAVIRUS ENCEPHALITIS |
| title_sort | сases of human convalescence from rabies and lifetime diagnostics of lyssavirus encephalitis |
| topic | convalescence from rabies lifetime laboratory diagnostics experimental protocol review |
| url | https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/viewFile/233/136 |
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