Salt marsh-atmosphere CO2 exchanges in Patos Lagoon Estuary, Southern Brazil
Blue carbon ecosystems are recognized as carbon sinks and therefore for their potential for climate mitigation. While carbon stocks and burial rates have been quantified and estimated regionally and globally, there are still many knowledge gaps on carbon fluxes exchanged particularly at the interfac...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.892857/full |
| _version_ | 1811183616646971392 |
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| author | Ronald B. Souza Margareth S. Copertino Margareth S. Copertino Gilberto Fisch Marcelo F. Santini Walter H. D. Pinaya Fabiane M. Furlan Rita de Cássia M. Alves Osmar O. Möller Luciano P. Pezzi |
| author_facet | Ronald B. Souza Margareth S. Copertino Margareth S. Copertino Gilberto Fisch Marcelo F. Santini Walter H. D. Pinaya Fabiane M. Furlan Rita de Cássia M. Alves Osmar O. Möller Luciano P. Pezzi |
| author_sort | Ronald B. Souza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Blue carbon ecosystems are recognized as carbon sinks and therefore for their potential for climate mitigation. While carbon stocks and burial rates have been quantified and estimated regionally and globally, there are still many knowledge gaps on carbon fluxes exchanged particularly at the interface vegetation-atmosphere. In this study we measured the atmospheric CO2 concentrations in a salt marsh located in the Patos Lagoon Estuary, southern Brazil. Eddy correlation techniques were applied to account for the CO2 exchange fluxes between the vegetation and the atmosphere. Our dataset refers to two sampling periods spanning from July up to November 2016 and from January to April 2017. By using time series analysis techniques including wavelet and cross-wavelet analysis, our results show the natural cycles of the CO2 exchanges variability and the relationship of these cycles with other environmental variables. We also present the amplitudes of the salt marsh-atmosphere CO2 fluxes’ diurnal cycle for both study periods and demonstrate that the CO2 fluxes are modulated by the passage of transient atmospheric systems and by the level variation of surrounding waters. During daytime, our site was as a CO2 sink. Fluxes were measured as -6.71 ± 5.55 μmol m-2 s-1 and -7.95 ± 6.44 μmol m-2 s-1 for the winter-spring and summer-fall periods, respectively. During nighttime, the CO2 fluxes were reversed and our site behaved as a CO2 source. Beside the seasonal changes in sunlight and air temperature, differences between the two periods were marked by the level of marsh inundation, winds and plant biomass (higher in summer). The net CO2 balance showed the predominance of the photosynthetic activity over community respiration, indicating the role of the salt marsh as a CO2 sink. When considering the yearly-averaged net fluxes integrated to the whole area of the Patos Lagoon Estuary marshes, the total CO2 sink was estimated as -87.6 Mg C yr-1. This paper is the first to measure and study the vegetation-atmosphere CO2 fluxes of a salt marsh environment of Brazil. The results will contribute to the knowledge on the global carbon budget and for marsh conservation and management plans, including climate change policies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T09:49:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7d560564a5e4ba09d2bb88d639d4a97 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T09:49:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7d560564a5e4ba09d2bb88d639d4a972022-12-22T04:30:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452022-09-01910.3389/fmars.2022.892857892857Salt marsh-atmosphere CO2 exchanges in Patos Lagoon Estuary, Southern BrazilRonald B. Souza0Margareth S. Copertino1Margareth S. Copertino2Gilberto Fisch3Marcelo F. Santini4Walter H. D. Pinaya5Fabiane M. Furlan6Rita de Cássia M. Alves7Osmar O. Möller8Luciano P. Pezzi9Earth System Numerical Modeling Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, BrazilInstitute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, BrazilBrazilian Network on Global Climate Change Research (Rede CLIMA), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, BrazilBrazilian Network on Global Climate Change Research (Rede CLIMA), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, BrazilAgricultural Science Department, University of Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté, BrazilEarth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, BrazilSecretariat of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Brasília, BrazilSecretariat of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Brasília, BrazilInstitute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, BrazilEarth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, BrazilBlue carbon ecosystems are recognized as carbon sinks and therefore for their potential for climate mitigation. While carbon stocks and burial rates have been quantified and estimated regionally and globally, there are still many knowledge gaps on carbon fluxes exchanged particularly at the interface vegetation-atmosphere. In this study we measured the atmospheric CO2 concentrations in a salt marsh located in the Patos Lagoon Estuary, southern Brazil. Eddy correlation techniques were applied to account for the CO2 exchange fluxes between the vegetation and the atmosphere. Our dataset refers to two sampling periods spanning from July up to November 2016 and from January to April 2017. By using time series analysis techniques including wavelet and cross-wavelet analysis, our results show the natural cycles of the CO2 exchanges variability and the relationship of these cycles with other environmental variables. We also present the amplitudes of the salt marsh-atmosphere CO2 fluxes’ diurnal cycle for both study periods and demonstrate that the CO2 fluxes are modulated by the passage of transient atmospheric systems and by the level variation of surrounding waters. During daytime, our site was as a CO2 sink. Fluxes were measured as -6.71 ± 5.55 μmol m-2 s-1 and -7.95 ± 6.44 μmol m-2 s-1 for the winter-spring and summer-fall periods, respectively. During nighttime, the CO2 fluxes were reversed and our site behaved as a CO2 source. Beside the seasonal changes in sunlight and air temperature, differences between the two periods were marked by the level of marsh inundation, winds and plant biomass (higher in summer). The net CO2 balance showed the predominance of the photosynthetic activity over community respiration, indicating the role of the salt marsh as a CO2 sink. When considering the yearly-averaged net fluxes integrated to the whole area of the Patos Lagoon Estuary marshes, the total CO2 sink was estimated as -87.6 Mg C yr-1. This paper is the first to measure and study the vegetation-atmosphere CO2 fluxes of a salt marsh environment of Brazil. The results will contribute to the knowledge on the global carbon budget and for marsh conservation and management plans, including climate change policies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.892857/fullCO2 FluxesEddy covariancecoastal carbonsalt marshPatos Lagoon Estuary (Brazil)temporal variability |
| spellingShingle | Ronald B. Souza Margareth S. Copertino Margareth S. Copertino Gilberto Fisch Marcelo F. Santini Walter H. D. Pinaya Fabiane M. Furlan Rita de Cássia M. Alves Osmar O. Möller Luciano P. Pezzi Salt marsh-atmosphere CO2 exchanges in Patos Lagoon Estuary, Southern Brazil Frontiers in Marine Science CO2 Fluxes Eddy covariance coastal carbon salt marsh Patos Lagoon Estuary (Brazil) temporal variability |
| title | Salt marsh-atmosphere CO2 exchanges in Patos Lagoon Estuary, Southern Brazil |
| title_full | Salt marsh-atmosphere CO2 exchanges in Patos Lagoon Estuary, Southern Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Salt marsh-atmosphere CO2 exchanges in Patos Lagoon Estuary, Southern Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Salt marsh-atmosphere CO2 exchanges in Patos Lagoon Estuary, Southern Brazil |
| title_short | Salt marsh-atmosphere CO2 exchanges in Patos Lagoon Estuary, Southern Brazil |
| title_sort | salt marsh atmosphere co2 exchanges in patos lagoon estuary southern brazil |
| topic | CO2 Fluxes Eddy covariance coastal carbon salt marsh Patos Lagoon Estuary (Brazil) temporal variability |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.892857/full |
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