Chemical and Pharmacological Profiling of <i>Wrightia coccinea</i> (Roxb. Ex Hornem.) Sims Focusing Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antidiarrheal, Hypoglycemic, and Analgesic Properties
The aim of the study was to conduct phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of <i>Wrightia coccinea</i> (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Sims via several in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models. A total of four compounds were identified and isolated from the methanol extract of the bark and t...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/13/4024 |
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| author | Tabassum Jannat Md. Jamal Hossain Ahmed M. El-Shehawi Md. Ruhul Kuddus Mohammad A. Rashid Sarah Albogami Ibrahim Jafri Mohamed El-Shazly Mohammad Rashedul Haque |
| author_facet | Tabassum Jannat Md. Jamal Hossain Ahmed M. El-Shehawi Md. Ruhul Kuddus Mohammad A. Rashid Sarah Albogami Ibrahim Jafri Mohamed El-Shazly Mohammad Rashedul Haque |
| author_sort | Tabassum Jannat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of the study was to conduct phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of <i>Wrightia coccinea</i> (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Sims via several in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models. A total of four compounds were identified and isolated from the methanol extract of the bark and the methanol extract of the seed pulp of <i>W. coccinea</i> through successive chromatographic techniques and were characterized as 3<i>β</i>-acetyloxy-olean-12-en-28-ol (<b>1</b>), wrightiadione (<b>2</b>), 22<i>β</i>-hydroxylupeol (<b>3</b>), and <i>β</i>-sitosterol (<b>4</b>) by spectroscopic analysis. The aqueous fraction of the bark and chloroform fraction of the fruits provided the most potent antioxidant capacity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 7.22 and 4.5 µg/mL, respectively) in DPPH free radical scavenging assay compared with the standard ascorbic acid (IC<sub>50</sub> = 17.45 µg/mL). The methanol bark extract and the methanol fruit coat extract exerted anti-diarrheal activity by inhibiting 74.55 ± 0.67% and 77.78 ± 1.5% (mean ± SEM) of the diarrheal episode in mice, respectively, after four hours of loading the samples. In the hypoglycemic test, the methanol bark extract and the methanol fruit coat extract (400 mg/kg) produced a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduction in the blood glucose level in mice. Both doses of the plant extracts (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) used in the study induced a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in pain reaction time. The in vitro and in vivo findings were supported by the computational studies. The isolated compounds exhibited higher binding affinity compared with the standard drugs towards the active binding sites of glutathione reductase, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), kappa opioid receptor, glucose transporter 3 (GLUT 3), Mu opioid receptor, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) proteins due to their potent antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-diarrheal, hypoglycemic, and central and peripheral analgesic properties, respectively. The current findings concluded that <i>W. coccinea</i> might be a potential natural source for managing oxidative stress, diarrhea, hyperglycemia, and pain. Further studies are warranted for extensively phytochemical screening and establishing exact mechanisms of action. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:01:43Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:01:43Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a7d80a685b5c4d04af460ea0c18048d62023-12-03T14:12:57ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-06-012713402410.3390/molecules27134024Chemical and Pharmacological Profiling of <i>Wrightia coccinea</i> (Roxb. Ex Hornem.) Sims Focusing Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antidiarrheal, Hypoglycemic, and Analgesic PropertiesTabassum Jannat0Md. Jamal Hossain1Ahmed M. El-Shehawi2Md. Ruhul Kuddus3Mohammad A. Rashid4Sarah Albogami5Ibrahim Jafri6Mohamed El-Shazly7Mohammad Rashedul Haque8Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, BangladeshPhytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, BangladeshDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaPhytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, BangladeshPhytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, BangladeshDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptPhytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, BangladeshThe aim of the study was to conduct phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of <i>Wrightia coccinea</i> (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Sims via several in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models. A total of four compounds were identified and isolated from the methanol extract of the bark and the methanol extract of the seed pulp of <i>W. coccinea</i> through successive chromatographic techniques and were characterized as 3<i>β</i>-acetyloxy-olean-12-en-28-ol (<b>1</b>), wrightiadione (<b>2</b>), 22<i>β</i>-hydroxylupeol (<b>3</b>), and <i>β</i>-sitosterol (<b>4</b>) by spectroscopic analysis. The aqueous fraction of the bark and chloroform fraction of the fruits provided the most potent antioxidant capacity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 7.22 and 4.5 µg/mL, respectively) in DPPH free radical scavenging assay compared with the standard ascorbic acid (IC<sub>50</sub> = 17.45 µg/mL). The methanol bark extract and the methanol fruit coat extract exerted anti-diarrheal activity by inhibiting 74.55 ± 0.67% and 77.78 ± 1.5% (mean ± SEM) of the diarrheal episode in mice, respectively, after four hours of loading the samples. In the hypoglycemic test, the methanol bark extract and the methanol fruit coat extract (400 mg/kg) produced a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduction in the blood glucose level in mice. Both doses of the plant extracts (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) used in the study induced a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in pain reaction time. The in vitro and in vivo findings were supported by the computational studies. The isolated compounds exhibited higher binding affinity compared with the standard drugs towards the active binding sites of glutathione reductase, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), kappa opioid receptor, glucose transporter 3 (GLUT 3), Mu opioid receptor, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) proteins due to their potent antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-diarrheal, hypoglycemic, and central and peripheral analgesic properties, respectively. The current findings concluded that <i>W. coccinea</i> might be a potential natural source for managing oxidative stress, diarrhea, hyperglycemia, and pain. Further studies are warranted for extensively phytochemical screening and establishing exact mechanisms of action.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/13/4024<i>Wrightia coccinea</i>antioxidantcytotoxicanti-diarrhealhypoglycemicanalgesic |
| spellingShingle | Tabassum Jannat Md. Jamal Hossain Ahmed M. El-Shehawi Md. Ruhul Kuddus Mohammad A. Rashid Sarah Albogami Ibrahim Jafri Mohamed El-Shazly Mohammad Rashedul Haque Chemical and Pharmacological Profiling of <i>Wrightia coccinea</i> (Roxb. Ex Hornem.) Sims Focusing Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antidiarrheal, Hypoglycemic, and Analgesic Properties Molecules <i>Wrightia coccinea</i> antioxidant cytotoxic anti-diarrheal hypoglycemic analgesic |
| title | Chemical and Pharmacological Profiling of <i>Wrightia coccinea</i> (Roxb. Ex Hornem.) Sims Focusing Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antidiarrheal, Hypoglycemic, and Analgesic Properties |
| title_full | Chemical and Pharmacological Profiling of <i>Wrightia coccinea</i> (Roxb. Ex Hornem.) Sims Focusing Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antidiarrheal, Hypoglycemic, and Analgesic Properties |
| title_fullStr | Chemical and Pharmacological Profiling of <i>Wrightia coccinea</i> (Roxb. Ex Hornem.) Sims Focusing Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antidiarrheal, Hypoglycemic, and Analgesic Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical and Pharmacological Profiling of <i>Wrightia coccinea</i> (Roxb. Ex Hornem.) Sims Focusing Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antidiarrheal, Hypoglycemic, and Analgesic Properties |
| title_short | Chemical and Pharmacological Profiling of <i>Wrightia coccinea</i> (Roxb. Ex Hornem.) Sims Focusing Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antidiarrheal, Hypoglycemic, and Analgesic Properties |
| title_sort | chemical and pharmacological profiling of i wrightia coccinea i roxb ex hornem sims focusing antioxidant cytotoxic antidiarrheal hypoglycemic and analgesic properties |
| topic | <i>Wrightia coccinea</i> antioxidant cytotoxic anti-diarrheal hypoglycemic analgesic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/13/4024 |
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