| Summary: | <i>Peniophora</i> is an old corticioid genus, from which two small satellite genera, <i>Dendrophora</i> and <i>Duportella</i>, were derived based on morphological differences. Molecular systematic studies showed that they belong to Peniophoraceae, Russulales, but the inter- and intra-generic phylogenetic relationships are still unclear. Moreover, the species diversity of this group in subtropical and tropical Asia has not been sufficiently investigated and studied. In this study, we carried out an intensive taxonomic and phylogenetic study on <i>Peniophora</i> sensu lato based on analyses of concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS, Internal Transcribed Spacer) and 28S (D1–D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA) sequence data of all available species worldwide. In the phylogenetic trees, species of <i>Peniophora</i> s. l. (sensu lato) including types of <i>Peniophora</i> s.s. (sensu stricto), <i>Dendrophora</i> and <i>Duportella</i> were interspersed within a strongly supported clade. It means that the morphological delimitations of the three genera are not reliable, and they should be regarded as a large genus. As a result, eight species of <i>Duportella</i> were transferred to <i>Peniophora</i>, although five of them have not been sequenced. Four new distinct lineages, corresponding to <i>Peniophora cremicolor</i>, <i>P. major</i>, <i>P. shenghuae</i> and <i>P. vietnamensis</i> spp. nov., were recovered in the trees. <i>Peniophora taiwanensis</i> is treated as a later synonym of <i>P. malaiensis</i> based on morphological and molecular evidence. <i>Duportella renispora</i> is excluded from Peniophoraceae, because BLAST results of the ITS and 28S sequences of the holotype showed that it is closely related to <i>Amylostereum</i>. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the four new species, and an identification key is given for all 25 species of <i>Peniophora</i> in China. Our results indicated that the species diversity of the corticioid fungi in Asia is rich and deserves further study.
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