COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Factors Influencing Vaccine Hesitancy among Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity in Latvia: A Mixed-Methods Study
Background: The European Society for Immunodeficiencies recommends that all patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) without contraindications should receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons that discourage IEI patients from receiving the recommended...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/11/1637 |
| _version_ | 1797457565662052352 |
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| author | Zane Lucane Mirdza Kursite Kristaps Sablinskis Linda Gailite Natalja Kurjane |
| author_facet | Zane Lucane Mirdza Kursite Kristaps Sablinskis Linda Gailite Natalja Kurjane |
| author_sort | Zane Lucane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The European Society for Immunodeficiencies recommends that all patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) without contraindications should receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons that discourage IEI patients from receiving the recommended vaccination and to assess vaccination coverage among IEI patients in Latvia. Methods: In this multicenter mixed-methods study, the vaccination status of all patients with IEI within two tertiary centers in Latvia was reviewed using electronic health records. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 IEI patients who did not undergo vaccination, and a thematic analysis was performed. Results: A total of 341 patients (49.3% female; median age 19.7 years (IQR:17)) were included in the quantitative part. The proportion of fully vaccinated individuals aged ≥ 12 years was 66.8%–70.9% with patients with selective IgA deficiency and 58.8% with other IEI (χ² = 14.12, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The proportion of fully vaccinated individuals aged 5–11 years was 11.1%. Age was associated with vaccination status: younger patients were found to have a significantly lower likelihood of receiving vaccination (U = 8585, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The five main themes identified were as follows: (1) fear and uncertainty; (2) risk and benefit assessment: COVID-19 vaccine—is it worth it? (3) external influences: the dark horse of the decision-making—people around us; (4) individuals against the system; and (5) beliefs about vaccination and COVID-19. Under-representation of certain IEI groups and recall bias are possible limitations of this study. Conclusions: While most reasons for hesitancy were similar to those previously described in the general population, disease-specific concerns were also identified. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:23:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7e15c7e2d7149b183ccedea15fe521d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:23:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7e15c7e2d7149b183ccedea15fe521d2023-11-24T15:09:54ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2023-10-011111163710.3390/vaccines11111637COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Factors Influencing Vaccine Hesitancy among Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity in Latvia: A Mixed-Methods StudyZane Lucane0Mirdza Kursite1Kristaps Sablinskis2Linda Gailite3Natalja Kurjane4Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaDepartment of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaDepartment of Internal Diseases, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaScientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaDepartment of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaBackground: The European Society for Immunodeficiencies recommends that all patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) without contraindications should receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons that discourage IEI patients from receiving the recommended vaccination and to assess vaccination coverage among IEI patients in Latvia. Methods: In this multicenter mixed-methods study, the vaccination status of all patients with IEI within two tertiary centers in Latvia was reviewed using electronic health records. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 IEI patients who did not undergo vaccination, and a thematic analysis was performed. Results: A total of 341 patients (49.3% female; median age 19.7 years (IQR:17)) were included in the quantitative part. The proportion of fully vaccinated individuals aged ≥ 12 years was 66.8%–70.9% with patients with selective IgA deficiency and 58.8% with other IEI (χ² = 14.12, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The proportion of fully vaccinated individuals aged 5–11 years was 11.1%. Age was associated with vaccination status: younger patients were found to have a significantly lower likelihood of receiving vaccination (U = 8585, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The five main themes identified were as follows: (1) fear and uncertainty; (2) risk and benefit assessment: COVID-19 vaccine—is it worth it? (3) external influences: the dark horse of the decision-making—people around us; (4) individuals against the system; and (5) beliefs about vaccination and COVID-19. Under-representation of certain IEI groups and recall bias are possible limitations of this study. Conclusions: While most reasons for hesitancy were similar to those previously described in the general population, disease-specific concerns were also identified.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/11/1637vaccine hesitancyvaccination coverageCOVID-19 vaccineSARS-CoV-2 vaccineinborn errors of immunityprimary immunodeficiencies |
| spellingShingle | Zane Lucane Mirdza Kursite Kristaps Sablinskis Linda Gailite Natalja Kurjane COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Factors Influencing Vaccine Hesitancy among Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity in Latvia: A Mixed-Methods Study Vaccines vaccine hesitancy vaccination coverage COVID-19 vaccine SARS-CoV-2 vaccine inborn errors of immunity primary immunodeficiencies |
| title | COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Factors Influencing Vaccine Hesitancy among Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity in Latvia: A Mixed-Methods Study |
| title_full | COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Factors Influencing Vaccine Hesitancy among Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity in Latvia: A Mixed-Methods Study |
| title_fullStr | COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Factors Influencing Vaccine Hesitancy among Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity in Latvia: A Mixed-Methods Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Factors Influencing Vaccine Hesitancy among Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity in Latvia: A Mixed-Methods Study |
| title_short | COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Factors Influencing Vaccine Hesitancy among Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity in Latvia: A Mixed-Methods Study |
| title_sort | covid 19 vaccination coverage and factors influencing vaccine hesitancy among patients with inborn errors of immunity in latvia a mixed methods study |
| topic | vaccine hesitancy vaccination coverage COVID-19 vaccine SARS-CoV-2 vaccine inborn errors of immunity primary immunodeficiencies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/11/1637 |
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