Strength Development and Durability of Metakaolin Geopolymer Mortars Containing Pozzolans under Different Curing Conditions
This study presents the strength development and durability of heat and non-heat-cured geopolymer mortars (GMs) produced using metakaolin (MK), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), silica fume (SF), ground calcined perlite (GCP), raw perlite (RP), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium metasilic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/7/857 |
| _version_ | 1797588107409752064 |
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| author | Burak Işıkdağ Mohammad Rahim Yalghuz |
| author_facet | Burak Işıkdağ Mohammad Rahim Yalghuz |
| author_sort | Burak Işıkdağ |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study presents the strength development and durability of heat and non-heat-cured geopolymer mortars (GMs) produced using metakaolin (MK), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), silica fume (SF), ground calcined perlite (GCP), raw perlite (RP), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium metasilicate (Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>), standard sand, and tap water. An optimal combination of MK with various pozzolans and constant solid/liquid and alkaline activator ratios were determined. It was found that the GMs, including MK and GGBFS with a 1.45 solid/liquid ratio and 2.0 alkaline activator ratio, resulted in compressive strength at 88 MPa. Analysis of GMs was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX (Energy Scattered X-ray Spectrophotometer), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). According to the results obtained, mainly alumino-silicate-based formation, potassium from KOH solution, and calcium from GGBFS were determined. The SEM images showed that the grains with high silica content, approximately 6–7 µm in size, are quartz crystals and embedded in the gel structure. The heat-cured GMs were exposed to MgSO<sub>4</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, and HCl solutions for the durability tests. The strength of the heat-cured GMs was higher than the non-heat-cured GMs, and the durability of the heat-cured GMs was found as sufficient. The use of pozzolans in GMs resulted in improvements in terms of strength and durability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:48:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7e22edba5404eff8636d441870946ff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:48:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7e22edba5404eff8636d441870946ff2023-11-18T20:37:56ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2023-06-0113785710.3390/min13070857Strength Development and Durability of Metakaolin Geopolymer Mortars Containing Pozzolans under Different Curing ConditionsBurak Işıkdağ0Mohammad Rahim Yalghuz1Department of Construction, Porsuk Vocational School, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir 26140, TurkeyDepartment of Civil Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir 26555, TurkeyThis study presents the strength development and durability of heat and non-heat-cured geopolymer mortars (GMs) produced using metakaolin (MK), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), silica fume (SF), ground calcined perlite (GCP), raw perlite (RP), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium metasilicate (Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>), standard sand, and tap water. An optimal combination of MK with various pozzolans and constant solid/liquid and alkaline activator ratios were determined. It was found that the GMs, including MK and GGBFS with a 1.45 solid/liquid ratio and 2.0 alkaline activator ratio, resulted in compressive strength at 88 MPa. Analysis of GMs was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX (Energy Scattered X-ray Spectrophotometer), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). According to the results obtained, mainly alumino-silicate-based formation, potassium from KOH solution, and calcium from GGBFS were determined. The SEM images showed that the grains with high silica content, approximately 6–7 µm in size, are quartz crystals and embedded in the gel structure. The heat-cured GMs were exposed to MgSO<sub>4</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, and HCl solutions for the durability tests. The strength of the heat-cured GMs was higher than the non-heat-cured GMs, and the durability of the heat-cured GMs was found as sufficient. The use of pozzolans in GMs resulted in improvements in terms of strength and durability.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/7/857pozzolansgeopolymersstrengthdurabilitymicrostructure |
| spellingShingle | Burak Işıkdağ Mohammad Rahim Yalghuz Strength Development and Durability of Metakaolin Geopolymer Mortars Containing Pozzolans under Different Curing Conditions Minerals pozzolans geopolymers strength durability microstructure |
| title | Strength Development and Durability of Metakaolin Geopolymer Mortars Containing Pozzolans under Different Curing Conditions |
| title_full | Strength Development and Durability of Metakaolin Geopolymer Mortars Containing Pozzolans under Different Curing Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Strength Development and Durability of Metakaolin Geopolymer Mortars Containing Pozzolans under Different Curing Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strength Development and Durability of Metakaolin Geopolymer Mortars Containing Pozzolans under Different Curing Conditions |
| title_short | Strength Development and Durability of Metakaolin Geopolymer Mortars Containing Pozzolans under Different Curing Conditions |
| title_sort | strength development and durability of metakaolin geopolymer mortars containing pozzolans under different curing conditions |
| topic | pozzolans geopolymers strength durability microstructure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/7/857 |
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