Effect of Calcination Temperature and Time on the Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Green vs. Chemical Method
Nowadays, antioxidants and antibacterial activity play an increasingly vital role in biosystems due to the biochemical and biological reactions that involve free radicals and pathogen growth, which occur in many systems. For this purpose, continuous efforts are being made to minimize these reactions...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/5/1798 |
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| author | Johar Amin Ahmed Abdullah Mercedes Jiménez-Rosado Antonio Guerrero Alberto Romero |
| author_facet | Johar Amin Ahmed Abdullah Mercedes Jiménez-Rosado Antonio Guerrero Alberto Romero |
| author_sort | Johar Amin Ahmed Abdullah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nowadays, antioxidants and antibacterial activity play an increasingly vital role in biosystems due to the biochemical and biological reactions that involve free radicals and pathogen growth, which occur in many systems. For this purpose, continuous efforts are being made to minimize these reactions, including the use of nanomaterials as antioxidants and bactericidal agents. Despite such advances, iron oxide nanoparticles still lack knowledge regarding their antioxidant and bactericidal capacities. This includes the investigation of biochemical reactions and their effects on nanoparticle functionality. In green synthesis, active phytochemicals give nanoparticles their maximum functional capacity and should not be destroyed during synthesis. Therefore, research is required to establish a correlation between the synthesis process and the nanoparticle properties. In this sense, the main objective of this work was to evaluate the most influential process stage: calcination. Thus, different calcination temperatures (200, 300, and 500 °C) and times (2, 4, and 5 h) were studied in the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using either <i>Phoenix dactylifera L. (PDL)</i> extract (green method) or sodium hydroxide (chemical method) as the reducing agent. The results show that calcination temperatures and times had a significant influence on the degradation of the active substance (polyphenols) and the final structure of iron oxide nanoparticles. It was found that, at low calcination temperatures and times, the nanoparticles exhibited small sizes, fewer polycrystalline structures, and better antioxidant activities. In conclusion, this work highlights the importance of green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles due to their excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:19:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7e75f371b524092937b4e99d9be76f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:19:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7e75f371b524092937b4e99d9be76f42023-11-17T08:03:03ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-02-01165179810.3390/ma16051798Effect of Calcination Temperature and Time on the Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Green vs. Chemical MethodJohar Amin Ahmed Abdullah0Mercedes Jiménez-Rosado1Antonio Guerrero2Alberto Romero3Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, SpainNowadays, antioxidants and antibacterial activity play an increasingly vital role in biosystems due to the biochemical and biological reactions that involve free radicals and pathogen growth, which occur in many systems. For this purpose, continuous efforts are being made to minimize these reactions, including the use of nanomaterials as antioxidants and bactericidal agents. Despite such advances, iron oxide nanoparticles still lack knowledge regarding their antioxidant and bactericidal capacities. This includes the investigation of biochemical reactions and their effects on nanoparticle functionality. In green synthesis, active phytochemicals give nanoparticles their maximum functional capacity and should not be destroyed during synthesis. Therefore, research is required to establish a correlation between the synthesis process and the nanoparticle properties. In this sense, the main objective of this work was to evaluate the most influential process stage: calcination. Thus, different calcination temperatures (200, 300, and 500 °C) and times (2, 4, and 5 h) were studied in the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using either <i>Phoenix dactylifera L. (PDL)</i> extract (green method) or sodium hydroxide (chemical method) as the reducing agent. The results show that calcination temperatures and times had a significant influence on the degradation of the active substance (polyphenols) and the final structure of iron oxide nanoparticles. It was found that, at low calcination temperatures and times, the nanoparticles exhibited small sizes, fewer polycrystalline structures, and better antioxidant activities. In conclusion, this work highlights the importance of green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles due to their excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/5/1798<i>Phoenix dactylifera L.</i>nanoparticlesgreen synthesischemical synthesisiron oxidecalcination temperature |
| spellingShingle | Johar Amin Ahmed Abdullah Mercedes Jiménez-Rosado Antonio Guerrero Alberto Romero Effect of Calcination Temperature and Time on the Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Green vs. Chemical Method Materials <i>Phoenix dactylifera L.</i> nanoparticles green synthesis chemical synthesis iron oxide calcination temperature |
| title | Effect of Calcination Temperature and Time on the Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Green vs. Chemical Method |
| title_full | Effect of Calcination Temperature and Time on the Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Green vs. Chemical Method |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Calcination Temperature and Time on the Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Green vs. Chemical Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Calcination Temperature and Time on the Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Green vs. Chemical Method |
| title_short | Effect of Calcination Temperature and Time on the Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Green vs. Chemical Method |
| title_sort | effect of calcination temperature and time on the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles green vs chemical method |
| topic | <i>Phoenix dactylifera L.</i> nanoparticles green synthesis chemical synthesis iron oxide calcination temperature |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/5/1798 |
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