Physiological and Immunological Status of Adult Honeybees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) Fed Sugar Syrup Supplemented with Pentadecapeptide BPC 157
Various factors contribute to a decline in diversity and number of bees. Here, an integrated approach in experimental BPC 157 therapy was implemented, combining laboratory-controlled and field study results. The aim of a study was to assess the effects of BPC 157 additional feeding of newly emerged...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-09-01
|
| Series: | Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/9/891 |
| _version_ | 1797520200509161472 |
|---|---|
| author | Ivana Tlak Gajger Maja Ivana Smodiš Škerl Petra Šoštarić Jelena Šuran Predrag Sikirić Josipa Vlainić |
| author_facet | Ivana Tlak Gajger Maja Ivana Smodiš Škerl Petra Šoštarić Jelena Šuran Predrag Sikirić Josipa Vlainić |
| author_sort | Ivana Tlak Gajger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Various factors contribute to a decline in diversity and number of bees. Here, an integrated approach in experimental BPC 157 therapy was implemented, combining laboratory-controlled and field study results. The aim of a study was to assess the effects of BPC 157 additional feeding of newly emerged worker honeybees on few biochemical and immunological parameters in hemolymph (glucose, trehalose, lipids, proteins, vitellogenin, glucose-oxidase (GOX)), and hypopharyngeal gland (HPG), in laboratory-controlled conditions. Additionally, to examine the physiological status of protein digestion, the enzymatic activity of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) in the mid-guts of worker honeybees was analyzed. It was found that individual honeybees, in hoarding cages, following BPC 157 administration through carbohydrate food, showed positive physiological changes when compared to the control groups. Those results were complemented by strong and visible LAP activity, particularly noticeable in the apical parts of the epithelial cells in the mid-guts of young worker honeybees originated from treated hives, suggesting a link between alternative oral therapy with BPC 157 and honeybees’ immunity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:53:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7ed090e185f401d903bd6bff92eff20 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:53:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7ed090e185f401d903bd6bff92eff202023-11-22T12:05:49ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-09-0110989110.3390/biology10090891Physiological and Immunological Status of Adult Honeybees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) Fed Sugar Syrup Supplemented with Pentadecapeptide BPC 157Ivana Tlak Gajger0Maja Ivana Smodiš Škerl1Petra Šoštarić2Jelena Šuran3Predrag Sikirić4Josipa Vlainić5Department for Biology and Pathology of Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaAgricultural Institute of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment for Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment for Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaLaboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Institute Ruđer Bošković, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaVarious factors contribute to a decline in diversity and number of bees. Here, an integrated approach in experimental BPC 157 therapy was implemented, combining laboratory-controlled and field study results. The aim of a study was to assess the effects of BPC 157 additional feeding of newly emerged worker honeybees on few biochemical and immunological parameters in hemolymph (glucose, trehalose, lipids, proteins, vitellogenin, glucose-oxidase (GOX)), and hypopharyngeal gland (HPG), in laboratory-controlled conditions. Additionally, to examine the physiological status of protein digestion, the enzymatic activity of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) in the mid-guts of worker honeybees was analyzed. It was found that individual honeybees, in hoarding cages, following BPC 157 administration through carbohydrate food, showed positive physiological changes when compared to the control groups. Those results were complemented by strong and visible LAP activity, particularly noticeable in the apical parts of the epithelial cells in the mid-guts of young worker honeybees originated from treated hives, suggesting a link between alternative oral therapy with BPC 157 and honeybees’ immunity.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/9/891honeybee colonies<i>Apis mellifera</i>pentadecapeptide BPC 157laboratory-controlled conditionshemolymphphysiology and immunology parameters |
| spellingShingle | Ivana Tlak Gajger Maja Ivana Smodiš Škerl Petra Šoštarić Jelena Šuran Predrag Sikirić Josipa Vlainić Physiological and Immunological Status of Adult Honeybees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) Fed Sugar Syrup Supplemented with Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Biology honeybee colonies <i>Apis mellifera</i> pentadecapeptide BPC 157 laboratory-controlled conditions hemolymph physiology and immunology parameters |
| title | Physiological and Immunological Status of Adult Honeybees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) Fed Sugar Syrup Supplemented with Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 |
| title_full | Physiological and Immunological Status of Adult Honeybees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) Fed Sugar Syrup Supplemented with Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 |
| title_fullStr | Physiological and Immunological Status of Adult Honeybees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) Fed Sugar Syrup Supplemented with Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiological and Immunological Status of Adult Honeybees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) Fed Sugar Syrup Supplemented with Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 |
| title_short | Physiological and Immunological Status of Adult Honeybees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) Fed Sugar Syrup Supplemented with Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 |
| title_sort | physiological and immunological status of adult honeybees i apis mellifera i fed sugar syrup supplemented with pentadecapeptide bpc 157 |
| topic | honeybee colonies <i>Apis mellifera</i> pentadecapeptide BPC 157 laboratory-controlled conditions hemolymph physiology and immunology parameters |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/9/891 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ivanatlakgajger physiologicalandimmunologicalstatusofadulthoneybeesiapismelliferaifedsugarsyrupsupplementedwithpentadecapeptidebpc157 AT majaivanasmodisskerl physiologicalandimmunologicalstatusofadulthoneybeesiapismelliferaifedsugarsyrupsupplementedwithpentadecapeptidebpc157 AT petrasostaric physiologicalandimmunologicalstatusofadulthoneybeesiapismelliferaifedsugarsyrupsupplementedwithpentadecapeptidebpc157 AT jelenasuran physiologicalandimmunologicalstatusofadulthoneybeesiapismelliferaifedsugarsyrupsupplementedwithpentadecapeptidebpc157 AT predragsikiric physiologicalandimmunologicalstatusofadulthoneybeesiapismelliferaifedsugarsyrupsupplementedwithpentadecapeptidebpc157 AT josipavlainic physiologicalandimmunologicalstatusofadulthoneybeesiapismelliferaifedsugarsyrupsupplementedwithpentadecapeptidebpc157 |