Nationwide distribution of perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids in Chinese diets: An emerging concern
With the phase-out of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its replacement by perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs), there is a potential for increased exposure to various new PFECAs among the general population in China. While there are existing studies on dietary exposure to legacy perfluoro...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Environment International |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024002344 |
| _version_ | 1797208873963094016 |
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| author | Fengfeng Dong Haijun Zhang Nan Sheng Jianglin Hu Jiayin Dai Yitao Pan |
| author_facet | Fengfeng Dong Haijun Zhang Nan Sheng Jianglin Hu Jiayin Dai Yitao Pan |
| author_sort | Fengfeng Dong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the phase-out of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its replacement by perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs), there is a potential for increased exposure to various new PFECAs among the general population in China. While there are existing studies on dietary exposure to legacy perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), research on dietary exposure to PFECAs, especially among the general Chinese populace, remains scarce. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of PFECAs in dietary sources from 33 cities across five major regions in China, along with the associated dietary intake. Analysis indicated that aquatic animal samples contained higher concentrations of legacy PFASs compared to those from terrestrial animals and plants. In contrast, PFECAs were found in higher concentrations in plant and terrestrial animal samples. Notably, hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer (HFPO-DA) was identified as the dominant compound in vegetables, cereals, pork, and mutton across the five regions, suggesting widespread dietary exposure. PFECAs constituted the majority of PFAS intake (57 %), with the estimated daily intake (EDI) of HFPO-DA ranging from 2.33 to 3.96 ng/kg bw/day, which corresponds to 0.78–1.32 times the reference dose (RfD) (3.0 ng/kg bw/day) set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Given the ubiquity of HFPO-DA and many other PFECAs in the nationwide diet of China, there is an urgent need for further research into these chemicals to establish relevant safety benchmarks or consumption advisory values for the diet. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:45:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7edd219438f424bbca16f36fe10d199 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:45:44Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7edd219438f424bbca16f36fe10d1992024-04-15T04:05:32ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202024-04-01186108648Nationwide distribution of perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids in Chinese diets: An emerging concernFengfeng Dong0Haijun Zhang1Nan Sheng2Jianglin Hu3Jiayin Dai4Yitao Pan5State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Corresponding author at: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.With the phase-out of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its replacement by perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs), there is a potential for increased exposure to various new PFECAs among the general population in China. While there are existing studies on dietary exposure to legacy perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), research on dietary exposure to PFECAs, especially among the general Chinese populace, remains scarce. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of PFECAs in dietary sources from 33 cities across five major regions in China, along with the associated dietary intake. Analysis indicated that aquatic animal samples contained higher concentrations of legacy PFASs compared to those from terrestrial animals and plants. In contrast, PFECAs were found in higher concentrations in plant and terrestrial animal samples. Notably, hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer (HFPO-DA) was identified as the dominant compound in vegetables, cereals, pork, and mutton across the five regions, suggesting widespread dietary exposure. PFECAs constituted the majority of PFAS intake (57 %), with the estimated daily intake (EDI) of HFPO-DA ranging from 2.33 to 3.96 ng/kg bw/day, which corresponds to 0.78–1.32 times the reference dose (RfD) (3.0 ng/kg bw/day) set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Given the ubiquity of HFPO-DA and many other PFECAs in the nationwide diet of China, there is an urgent need for further research into these chemicals to establish relevant safety benchmarks or consumption advisory values for the diet.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024002344PFASPFECAHFPO-DADietary intakeCereal |
| spellingShingle | Fengfeng Dong Haijun Zhang Nan Sheng Jianglin Hu Jiayin Dai Yitao Pan Nationwide distribution of perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids in Chinese diets: An emerging concern Environment International PFAS PFECA HFPO-DA Dietary intake Cereal |
| title | Nationwide distribution of perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids in Chinese diets: An emerging concern |
| title_full | Nationwide distribution of perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids in Chinese diets: An emerging concern |
| title_fullStr | Nationwide distribution of perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids in Chinese diets: An emerging concern |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nationwide distribution of perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids in Chinese diets: An emerging concern |
| title_short | Nationwide distribution of perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids in Chinese diets: An emerging concern |
| title_sort | nationwide distribution of perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids in chinese diets an emerging concern |
| topic | PFAS PFECA HFPO-DA Dietary intake Cereal |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024002344 |
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