Fitness Shifts the Balance of BDNF and IL-6 from Inflammation to Repair among People with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Physical sedentarism is linked to elevated levels of circulating cytokines, whereas exercise upregulates growth-promoting proteins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The shift towards a ‘repair’ phenotype could protect against neurodegeneration, especially in diseases such as multiple...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/4/504 |
| _version_ | 1827696654081327104 |
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| author | Augustine Joshua Devasahayam Liam Patrick Kelly John Bradley Williams Craig Stephen Moore Michelle Ploughman |
| author_facet | Augustine Joshua Devasahayam Liam Patrick Kelly John Bradley Williams Craig Stephen Moore Michelle Ploughman |
| author_sort | Augustine Joshua Devasahayam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Physical sedentarism is linked to elevated levels of circulating cytokines, whereas exercise upregulates growth-promoting proteins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The shift towards a ‘repair’ phenotype could protect against neurodegeneration, especially in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated whether having higher fitness or participating in an acute bout of maximal exercise would shift the balance of BDNF and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum samples of people with progressive MS (<i>n</i> = 14), compared to matched controls (<i>n</i> = 8). Participants performed a maximal graded exercise test on a recumbent stepper, and blood samples were collected at rest and after the test. We assessed walking speed, fatigue, and maximal oxygen consumption (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mstyle displaystyle="true"><mrow><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>·</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mstyle></semantics></math></inline-formula>). People with MS achieved about 50% lower <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mstyle displaystyle="true"><mrow><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>·</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mstyle></semantics></math></inline-formula> (<i>p</i> = 0.003) than controls. At rest, there were no differences in BDNF between MS and controls; however, IL-6 was significantly higher in MS. Higher <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mstyle displaystyle="true"><mrow><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>·</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mstyle></semantics></math></inline-formula> was associated with a shift in BDNF/IL-6 ratio from inflammation to repair (R = 0.7, <i>p</i> = 0.001) when considering both groups together. In the MS group, greater ability to upregulate BDNF was associated with faster walking speed and lower vitality. We present evidence that higher fitness indicates a shift in the balance of blood biomarkers towards a repair phenotype in progressive MS. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:51:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7f14537599e46f0bd8eae929079d3a02023-11-21T13:00:58ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2021-03-0111450410.3390/biom11040504Fitness Shifts the Balance of BDNF and IL-6 from Inflammation to Repair among People with Progressive Multiple SclerosisAugustine Joshua Devasahayam0Liam Patrick Kelly1John Bradley Williams2Craig Stephen Moore3Michelle Ploughman4L.A. Miller Centre, Recovery and Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1K 5A1, CanadaL.A. Miller Centre, Recovery and Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1K 5A1, CanadaDivision of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, CanadaDivision of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, CanadaL.A. Miller Centre, Recovery and Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1K 5A1, CanadaPhysical sedentarism is linked to elevated levels of circulating cytokines, whereas exercise upregulates growth-promoting proteins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The shift towards a ‘repair’ phenotype could protect against neurodegeneration, especially in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated whether having higher fitness or participating in an acute bout of maximal exercise would shift the balance of BDNF and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum samples of people with progressive MS (<i>n</i> = 14), compared to matched controls (<i>n</i> = 8). Participants performed a maximal graded exercise test on a recumbent stepper, and blood samples were collected at rest and after the test. We assessed walking speed, fatigue, and maximal oxygen consumption (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mstyle displaystyle="true"><mrow><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>·</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mstyle></semantics></math></inline-formula>). People with MS achieved about 50% lower <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mstyle displaystyle="true"><mrow><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>·</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mstyle></semantics></math></inline-formula> (<i>p</i> = 0.003) than controls. At rest, there were no differences in BDNF between MS and controls; however, IL-6 was significantly higher in MS. Higher <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mstyle displaystyle="true"><mrow><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>·</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mstyle></semantics></math></inline-formula> was associated with a shift in BDNF/IL-6 ratio from inflammation to repair (R = 0.7, <i>p</i> = 0.001) when considering both groups together. In the MS group, greater ability to upregulate BDNF was associated with faster walking speed and lower vitality. We present evidence that higher fitness indicates a shift in the balance of blood biomarkers towards a repair phenotype in progressive MS.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/4/504multiple sclerosisrehabilitationfitnessneurodegenerationinflammationbiomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Augustine Joshua Devasahayam Liam Patrick Kelly John Bradley Williams Craig Stephen Moore Michelle Ploughman Fitness Shifts the Balance of BDNF and IL-6 from Inflammation to Repair among People with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Biomolecules multiple sclerosis rehabilitation fitness neurodegeneration inflammation biomarkers |
| title | Fitness Shifts the Balance of BDNF and IL-6 from Inflammation to Repair among People with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_full | Fitness Shifts the Balance of BDNF and IL-6 from Inflammation to Repair among People with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_fullStr | Fitness Shifts the Balance of BDNF and IL-6 from Inflammation to Repair among People with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fitness Shifts the Balance of BDNF and IL-6 from Inflammation to Repair among People with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_short | Fitness Shifts the Balance of BDNF and IL-6 from Inflammation to Repair among People with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_sort | fitness shifts the balance of bdnf and il 6 from inflammation to repair among people with progressive multiple sclerosis |
| topic | multiple sclerosis rehabilitation fitness neurodegeneration inflammation biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/4/504 |
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