Low NETosis Induced in <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>-Infected Cells
<i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> are obligatory intracellular bacteria that preferentially replicate inside leukocytes by utilizing biological compounds and processes of these primary host defensive cells. In this study, bioinformatics analysis was conducted to further characterize <i...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/10/1756 |
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| author | Sara Artigas-Jerónimo Almudena González-García José de la Fuente Valeria Blanda Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi Margarita Villar Leila Mohammadnezhad Francesca Grippi Alessandra Torina Guido Sireci |
| author_facet | Sara Artigas-Jerónimo Almudena González-García José de la Fuente Valeria Blanda Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi Margarita Villar Leila Mohammadnezhad Francesca Grippi Alessandra Torina Guido Sireci |
| author_sort | Sara Artigas-Jerónimo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> are obligatory intracellular bacteria that preferentially replicate inside leukocytes by utilizing biological compounds and processes of these primary host defensive cells. In this study, bioinformatics analysis was conducted to further characterize <i>A. phagocytophilum</i>–host interactions using the neutrophil-like model of human Caucasian promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells. We detected a hierarchy of molecules involved in <i>A. phagocytophilum</i>-HL60 interactions with overrepresentation in infected human cells of proteins involved in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway and cell surface monocyte markers. As <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> phagocytosis by neutrophils is inhibited, the results suggested a possible explanation for our bioinformatics data: radical oxygen compounds could induce the killing of bacteria activating NETosis, a unique form of defense mechanism resulting in cell death that is characterized by the release of decondensed chromatin and granular contents to the extracellular space, forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to eliminate invading microorganisms. Thus, we confirmed the existence of a low NETosis induced in <i>A. phagocytophilum</i>-infected cells by immunofluorescence (IF) experiments. These results provide new insights into the complex mechanisms that govern immune response during <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> host interactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:24:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7fc5ac6bf6d4a4cb1f314e28c5ffa8c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:24:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7fc5ac6bf6d4a4cb1f314e28c5ffa8c2023-11-24T03:05:32ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-10-011010175610.3390/vaccines10101756Low NETosis Induced in <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>-Infected CellsSara Artigas-Jerónimo0Almudena González-García1José de la Fuente2Valeria Blanda3Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi4Margarita Villar5Leila Mohammadnezhad6Francesca Grippi7Alessandra Torina8Guido Sireci9SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, SpainSaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, SpainSaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, SpainIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, ItalyCentral Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, ItalySaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, SpainCentral Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, ItalyCentral Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy<i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> are obligatory intracellular bacteria that preferentially replicate inside leukocytes by utilizing biological compounds and processes of these primary host defensive cells. In this study, bioinformatics analysis was conducted to further characterize <i>A. phagocytophilum</i>–host interactions using the neutrophil-like model of human Caucasian promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells. We detected a hierarchy of molecules involved in <i>A. phagocytophilum</i>-HL60 interactions with overrepresentation in infected human cells of proteins involved in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway and cell surface monocyte markers. As <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> phagocytosis by neutrophils is inhibited, the results suggested a possible explanation for our bioinformatics data: radical oxygen compounds could induce the killing of bacteria activating NETosis, a unique form of defense mechanism resulting in cell death that is characterized by the release of decondensed chromatin and granular contents to the extracellular space, forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to eliminate invading microorganisms. Thus, we confirmed the existence of a low NETosis induced in <i>A. phagocytophilum</i>-infected cells by immunofluorescence (IF) experiments. These results provide new insights into the complex mechanisms that govern immune response during <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> host interactions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/10/1756neutrophilsNETosis<i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>ROS |
| spellingShingle | Sara Artigas-Jerónimo Almudena González-García José de la Fuente Valeria Blanda Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi Margarita Villar Leila Mohammadnezhad Francesca Grippi Alessandra Torina Guido Sireci Low NETosis Induced in <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>-Infected Cells Vaccines neutrophils NETosis <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> ROS |
| title | Low NETosis Induced in <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>-Infected Cells |
| title_full | Low NETosis Induced in <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>-Infected Cells |
| title_fullStr | Low NETosis Induced in <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>-Infected Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low NETosis Induced in <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>-Infected Cells |
| title_short | Low NETosis Induced in <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>-Infected Cells |
| title_sort | low netosis induced in i anaplasma phagocytophilum i infected cells |
| topic | neutrophils NETosis <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> ROS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/10/1756 |
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