Association between levels of receptor binding domain antibodies of SARS-CoV-2, receipt of booster and risk of breakthrough infections: LA pandemic surveillance cohort study
Abstract Prevention of COVID-19 with vaccine requires multiple doses and updated boosters to maintain protection; however currently there are no tests that can measure immunity and guide clinical decisions about timing of booster doses. This study examined the association between the risk of COVID-1...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47261-y |
| _version_ | 1797452669274554368 |
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| author | Neeraj Sood Chun Nok Lam Eric Kawaguchi Olivier Pernet Andrea Kovacs Jennifer B. Unger Howard Hu |
| author_facet | Neeraj Sood Chun Nok Lam Eric Kawaguchi Olivier Pernet Andrea Kovacs Jennifer B. Unger Howard Hu |
| author_sort | Neeraj Sood |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Prevention of COVID-19 with vaccine requires multiple doses and updated boosters to maintain protection; however currently there are no tests that can measure immunity and guide clinical decisions about timing of booster doses. This study examined the association between the risk of COVID-19 breakthrough infections and receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody levels and receipt of booster of COVID-19 vaccines. A community sample of Los Angeles County adults were surveyed between 2021 and 2022 to determine if they had a self-reported breakthrough infection. Predictors included RBD antibody levels, measured by binding antibody responses to the ancestral strain at baseline and self-reported booster shot during the study period. Of the 859 participants, 182 (21%) reported a breakthrough infection. Irrespective of the level of antibodies, the risk of breakthrough infection was similar, ranging from 19 to 23% (P = 0.78). The risk of breakthrough infections was lower among participants who had a booster shot (P = 0.004). The protective effect of a booster shot did not vary by antibody levels prior to receiving the booster. This study found no association between RBD antibody levels and risk of breakthrough infections, while the receipt of booster was associated with lower risk of breakthrough infections, which was independent of pre-booster antibody levels. Therefore, antibody levels might not be a useful guide for clinical decisions about timing of booster doses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:11:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a7fe26bb24d84211b2e75902e7995085 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:11:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-a7fe26bb24d84211b2e75902e79950852023-11-26T13:21:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-11-011311710.1038/s41598-023-47261-yAssociation between levels of receptor binding domain antibodies of SARS-CoV-2, receipt of booster and risk of breakthrough infections: LA pandemic surveillance cohort studyNeeraj Sood0Chun Nok Lam1Eric Kawaguchi2Olivier Pernet3Andrea Kovacs4Jennifer B. Unger5Howard Hu6Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaAbstract Prevention of COVID-19 with vaccine requires multiple doses and updated boosters to maintain protection; however currently there are no tests that can measure immunity and guide clinical decisions about timing of booster doses. This study examined the association between the risk of COVID-19 breakthrough infections and receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody levels and receipt of booster of COVID-19 vaccines. A community sample of Los Angeles County adults were surveyed between 2021 and 2022 to determine if they had a self-reported breakthrough infection. Predictors included RBD antibody levels, measured by binding antibody responses to the ancestral strain at baseline and self-reported booster shot during the study period. Of the 859 participants, 182 (21%) reported a breakthrough infection. Irrespective of the level of antibodies, the risk of breakthrough infection was similar, ranging from 19 to 23% (P = 0.78). The risk of breakthrough infections was lower among participants who had a booster shot (P = 0.004). The protective effect of a booster shot did not vary by antibody levels prior to receiving the booster. This study found no association between RBD antibody levels and risk of breakthrough infections, while the receipt of booster was associated with lower risk of breakthrough infections, which was independent of pre-booster antibody levels. Therefore, antibody levels might not be a useful guide for clinical decisions about timing of booster doses.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47261-y |
| spellingShingle | Neeraj Sood Chun Nok Lam Eric Kawaguchi Olivier Pernet Andrea Kovacs Jennifer B. Unger Howard Hu Association between levels of receptor binding domain antibodies of SARS-CoV-2, receipt of booster and risk of breakthrough infections: LA pandemic surveillance cohort study Scientific Reports |
| title | Association between levels of receptor binding domain antibodies of SARS-CoV-2, receipt of booster and risk of breakthrough infections: LA pandemic surveillance cohort study |
| title_full | Association between levels of receptor binding domain antibodies of SARS-CoV-2, receipt of booster and risk of breakthrough infections: LA pandemic surveillance cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Association between levels of receptor binding domain antibodies of SARS-CoV-2, receipt of booster and risk of breakthrough infections: LA pandemic surveillance cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between levels of receptor binding domain antibodies of SARS-CoV-2, receipt of booster and risk of breakthrough infections: LA pandemic surveillance cohort study |
| title_short | Association between levels of receptor binding domain antibodies of SARS-CoV-2, receipt of booster and risk of breakthrough infections: LA pandemic surveillance cohort study |
| title_sort | association between levels of receptor binding domain antibodies of sars cov 2 receipt of booster and risk of breakthrough infections la pandemic surveillance cohort study |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47261-y |
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