Mapping Vegetation Index-Derived Actual Evapotranspiration across Croplands Using the Google Earth Engine Platform
Precise knowledge of crop water consumption is essential to better manage agricultural water use, particularly in regions where most countries struggle with increasing water and food insecurity. Approaches such as cloud computing and remote sensing (RS) have facilitated access, process, and visualiz...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1017 |
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| author | Neda Abbasi Hamideh Nouri Kamel Didan Armando Barreto-Muñoz Sattar Chavoshi Borujeni Christian Opp Pamela Nagler Prasad S. Thenkabail Stefan Siebert |
| author_facet | Neda Abbasi Hamideh Nouri Kamel Didan Armando Barreto-Muñoz Sattar Chavoshi Borujeni Christian Opp Pamela Nagler Prasad S. Thenkabail Stefan Siebert |
| author_sort | Neda Abbasi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Precise knowledge of crop water consumption is essential to better manage agricultural water use, particularly in regions where most countries struggle with increasing water and food insecurity. Approaches such as cloud computing and remote sensing (RS) have facilitated access, process, and visualization of big geospatial data to map and monitor crop water requirements. To find the most reliable Vegetation Index (VI)-based evapotranspiration (ETa) for croplands in drylands, we modeled and mapped ETa using empirical RS methods across the Zayandehrud river basin in Iran for two decades (2000–2019) on the Google Earth Engine platform using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Enhanced Vegetation Index 2 (EVI2). Developed ET-VI products in this study comprise three NDVI-based ETa (ET-NDVI*, ET-NDVI*<sub>scaled</sub>, and ET-NDVI<sub>Kc</sub>) and an EVI2-based ETa (ET-EVI2). We (a) applied, for the first time, the ET-NDVI* method to croplands as a crop-independent index and then compared its performance with the ET-EVI2 and crop ET, and (b) assessed the ease and feasibility of the transferability of these methods to other regions. Comparing four ET-VI products showed that annual ET-EVI2 and ET-NDVI*<sub>scaled</sub> estimations were close. ET-NDVI<sub>Kc</sub> consistently overestimated ETa. Our findings indicate that ET-EVI2 and ET-NDVI<sub>Kc</sub> were easy to parametrize and adopt to other regions, while ET-NDVI* and ET-NDVI*<sub>scaled</sub> are site-dependent and sensitive to image acquisition time. ET-EVI2 performed robustly in arid and semi-arid regions making it a better tool. Future research should further develop and confirm these findings by characterizing the accuracy of VI-based ETa over croplands in drylands by comparing them with available ETa products and examining their performance using crop-specific comparisons. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:13:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a80290e512ca484491708a794fc515cd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:13:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-a80290e512ca484491708a794fc515cd2023-11-16T23:02:33ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-02-01154101710.3390/rs15041017Mapping Vegetation Index-Derived Actual Evapotranspiration across Croplands Using the Google Earth Engine PlatformNeda Abbasi0Hamideh Nouri1Kamel Didan2Armando Barreto-Muñoz3Sattar Chavoshi Borujeni4Christian Opp5Pamela Nagler6Prasad S. Thenkabail7Stefan Siebert8Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 8, 37075 Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 8, 37075 Göttingen, GermanyBiosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1177 E. 4th St., Tucson, AZ 85719, USABiosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1177 E. 4th St., Tucson, AZ 85719, USASoil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, AREEO, Isfahan 19395-1113, IranDepartment of Geography, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Deutschhausstraße 10, 35032 Marburg, GermanyU.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, 520 N. Park Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAU.S. Geological Survey, Western Geographic Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USADepartment of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 8, 37075 Göttingen, GermanyPrecise knowledge of crop water consumption is essential to better manage agricultural water use, particularly in regions where most countries struggle with increasing water and food insecurity. Approaches such as cloud computing and remote sensing (RS) have facilitated access, process, and visualization of big geospatial data to map and monitor crop water requirements. To find the most reliable Vegetation Index (VI)-based evapotranspiration (ETa) for croplands in drylands, we modeled and mapped ETa using empirical RS methods across the Zayandehrud river basin in Iran for two decades (2000–2019) on the Google Earth Engine platform using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Enhanced Vegetation Index 2 (EVI2). Developed ET-VI products in this study comprise three NDVI-based ETa (ET-NDVI*, ET-NDVI*<sub>scaled</sub>, and ET-NDVI<sub>Kc</sub>) and an EVI2-based ETa (ET-EVI2). We (a) applied, for the first time, the ET-NDVI* method to croplands as a crop-independent index and then compared its performance with the ET-EVI2 and crop ET, and (b) assessed the ease and feasibility of the transferability of these methods to other regions. Comparing four ET-VI products showed that annual ET-EVI2 and ET-NDVI*<sub>scaled</sub> estimations were close. ET-NDVI<sub>Kc</sub> consistently overestimated ETa. Our findings indicate that ET-EVI2 and ET-NDVI<sub>Kc</sub> were easy to parametrize and adopt to other regions, while ET-NDVI* and ET-NDVI*<sub>scaled</sub> are site-dependent and sensitive to image acquisition time. ET-EVI2 performed robustly in arid and semi-arid regions making it a better tool. Future research should further develop and confirm these findings by characterizing the accuracy of VI-based ETa over croplands in drylands by comparing them with available ETa products and examining their performance using crop-specific comparisons.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1017actual evapotranspirationcroplandsdroughtGEEVegetation Index (VI) |
| spellingShingle | Neda Abbasi Hamideh Nouri Kamel Didan Armando Barreto-Muñoz Sattar Chavoshi Borujeni Christian Opp Pamela Nagler Prasad S. Thenkabail Stefan Siebert Mapping Vegetation Index-Derived Actual Evapotranspiration across Croplands Using the Google Earth Engine Platform Remote Sensing actual evapotranspiration croplands drought GEE Vegetation Index (VI) |
| title | Mapping Vegetation Index-Derived Actual Evapotranspiration across Croplands Using the Google Earth Engine Platform |
| title_full | Mapping Vegetation Index-Derived Actual Evapotranspiration across Croplands Using the Google Earth Engine Platform |
| title_fullStr | Mapping Vegetation Index-Derived Actual Evapotranspiration across Croplands Using the Google Earth Engine Platform |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mapping Vegetation Index-Derived Actual Evapotranspiration across Croplands Using the Google Earth Engine Platform |
| title_short | Mapping Vegetation Index-Derived Actual Evapotranspiration across Croplands Using the Google Earth Engine Platform |
| title_sort | mapping vegetation index derived actual evapotranspiration across croplands using the google earth engine platform |
| topic | actual evapotranspiration croplands drought GEE Vegetation Index (VI) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1017 |
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