Hydrodynamic Process of Partial and en Masse Dam Failure Induced Debris Flows
Because of landslides, seismic events, and/or unregulated human activities, a massive amount of loose solid materials are sometimes deposited at the confluence between the branch valley and stem stream, or blocked at the lateral channel contraction section in a river channel. Immersion of these gran...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.905499/full |
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| author | Anping Shu Le Wang Fuyang Zhu Jiapin Zhu Chengling Pi Ziru Zhang Huarez Christian |
| author_facet | Anping Shu Le Wang Fuyang Zhu Jiapin Zhu Chengling Pi Ziru Zhang Huarez Christian |
| author_sort | Anping Shu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Because of landslides, seismic events, and/or unregulated human activities, a massive amount of loose solid materials are sometimes deposited at the confluence between the branch valley and stem stream, or blocked at the lateral channel contraction section in a river channel. Immersion of these granular materials in naturally-generated reservoirs tend to cause mass failure and even induce debris flow. However, the majority of previous studies primarily focused on post-event processes (i.e. flow hydraulics such as flood flow hydrographs, sediment transport or erosion, and river morphological changes) following dam failure. In this study, our attention is restricted to hydro-sediment dynamic processes that control unconsolidated dam failure as well as subsequent debris flow. This objective is achieved by conducting a series of experiments in a tilting flume and selecting the overtopping flows, vertical grading configurations, dam heights, and channel gradients as causative factors responsible for chain disaster in the form of dam failure and debris flow. We found that all experimental dams are either subject to partial failure through a gradual breach development or suddenly collapsed in en masse failure mode, debris flows induced by partial dam failures are likely to take place in the conditions of low overtopping flow and shallow channel slope. On the contrary, debris flows originated from en masse dam failures are shown to develop well in the opposite conditions. Also, the critical shear stresses for sediment entrainment under en masse dam failure cases are generally higher if compared with partial dam-failure equivalents. Moreover, the relative proportion of clear water to erodible solid materials is also related to dam failure mode, which will eventually determine debris-flow properties. These findings have strong implications for predicting and mitigating natural disasters of these kinds usually encountered in nature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:00:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a80cb25da0494cd48b7a4e5a33f93a43 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:00:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-a80cb25da0494cd48b7a4e5a33f93a432022-12-22T02:23:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2022-05-011010.3389/fenvs.2022.905499905499Hydrodynamic Process of Partial and en Masse Dam Failure Induced Debris FlowsAnping Shu0Le Wang1Fuyang Zhu2Jiapin Zhu3Chengling Pi4Ziru Zhang5Huarez Christian6School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of MOE, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, ChinaPower China ZhongNan Engineering Corporation Limited, Chang Sha, ChinaSchool of Environment, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of MOE, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Environment, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of MOE, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Environment, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of MOE, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Environment, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of MOE, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaBecause of landslides, seismic events, and/or unregulated human activities, a massive amount of loose solid materials are sometimes deposited at the confluence between the branch valley and stem stream, or blocked at the lateral channel contraction section in a river channel. Immersion of these granular materials in naturally-generated reservoirs tend to cause mass failure and even induce debris flow. However, the majority of previous studies primarily focused on post-event processes (i.e. flow hydraulics such as flood flow hydrographs, sediment transport or erosion, and river morphological changes) following dam failure. In this study, our attention is restricted to hydro-sediment dynamic processes that control unconsolidated dam failure as well as subsequent debris flow. This objective is achieved by conducting a series of experiments in a tilting flume and selecting the overtopping flows, vertical grading configurations, dam heights, and channel gradients as causative factors responsible for chain disaster in the form of dam failure and debris flow. We found that all experimental dams are either subject to partial failure through a gradual breach development or suddenly collapsed in en masse failure mode, debris flows induced by partial dam failures are likely to take place in the conditions of low overtopping flow and shallow channel slope. On the contrary, debris flows originated from en masse dam failures are shown to develop well in the opposite conditions. Also, the critical shear stresses for sediment entrainment under en masse dam failure cases are generally higher if compared with partial dam-failure equivalents. Moreover, the relative proportion of clear water to erodible solid materials is also related to dam failure mode, which will eventually determine debris-flow properties. These findings have strong implications for predicting and mitigating natural disasters of these kinds usually encountered in nature.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.905499/fullovertopping flowhydro-sediment dynamic processdam failuredebris flowchain disaster |
| spellingShingle | Anping Shu Le Wang Fuyang Zhu Jiapin Zhu Chengling Pi Ziru Zhang Huarez Christian Hydrodynamic Process of Partial and en Masse Dam Failure Induced Debris Flows Frontiers in Environmental Science overtopping flow hydro-sediment dynamic process dam failure debris flow chain disaster |
| title | Hydrodynamic Process of Partial and en Masse Dam Failure Induced Debris Flows |
| title_full | Hydrodynamic Process of Partial and en Masse Dam Failure Induced Debris Flows |
| title_fullStr | Hydrodynamic Process of Partial and en Masse Dam Failure Induced Debris Flows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrodynamic Process of Partial and en Masse Dam Failure Induced Debris Flows |
| title_short | Hydrodynamic Process of Partial and en Masse Dam Failure Induced Debris Flows |
| title_sort | hydrodynamic process of partial and en masse dam failure induced debris flows |
| topic | overtopping flow hydro-sediment dynamic process dam failure debris flow chain disaster |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.905499/full |
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