Integration of Remote-Sensing Techniques for the Preventive Conservation of Paleolithic Cave Art in the Karst of the Altamira Cave
Rock art offers traces of our most remote past and was made with mineral and organic substances in shelters, walls, or the ceilings of caves. As it is notably fragile, it is fortunate that some instances remain intact—but a variety of natural and anthropogenic factors can lead to its disappearance....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1087 |
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| author | Vicente Bayarri Alfredo Prada Francisco García Lucía M. Díaz-González Carmen De Las Heras Elena Castillo Pilar Fatás |
| author_facet | Vicente Bayarri Alfredo Prada Francisco García Lucía M. Díaz-González Carmen De Las Heras Elena Castillo Pilar Fatás |
| author_sort | Vicente Bayarri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rock art offers traces of our most remote past and was made with mineral and organic substances in shelters, walls, or the ceilings of caves. As it is notably fragile, it is fortunate that some instances remain intact—but a variety of natural and anthropogenic factors can lead to its disappearance. Therefore, as a valuable cultural heritage, rock art requires special conservation and protection measures. Geomatic remote-sensing technologies such as 3D terrestrial laser scanning (3DTLS), drone flight, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) allow us to generate exhaustive documentation of caves and their environment in 2D, 2.5D, and 3D. However, only its combined use with 3D geographic information systems (GIS) lets us generate new cave maps with details such as overlying layer thickness, sinkholes, fractures, joints, and detachments that also more precisely reveal interior–exterior interconnections and gaseous exchange; i.e., the state of senescence of the karst that houses the cave. Information of this kind is of great value for the research, management, conservation, monitoring, and dissemination of cave art. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:12:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a80e66dceeff426988b585e013187e07 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:12:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-a80e66dceeff426988b585e013187e072023-11-16T23:03:31ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-02-01154108710.3390/rs15041087Integration of Remote-Sensing Techniques for the Preventive Conservation of Paleolithic Cave Art in the Karst of the Altamira CaveVicente Bayarri0Alfredo Prada1Francisco García2Lucía M. Díaz-González3Carmen De Las Heras4Elena Castillo5Pilar Fatás6GIM Geomatics, S.L. C/Conde Torreanaz 8, 39300 Torrelavega, SpainMuseo Nacional y Centro de Investigación de Altamira, Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, S/N, 39330 Santillana del Mar, SpainDepartment of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainMuseo Nacional y Centro de Investigación de Altamira, Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, S/N, 39330 Santillana del Mar, SpainMuseo Nacional y Centro de Investigación de Altamira, Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, S/N, 39330 Santillana del Mar, SpainDepartment of Geographic Engineering and Techniques of Graphical Expression, University of Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, s/n, 39005 Santander, SpainMuseo Nacional y Centro de Investigación de Altamira, Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, S/N, 39330 Santillana del Mar, SpainRock art offers traces of our most remote past and was made with mineral and organic substances in shelters, walls, or the ceilings of caves. As it is notably fragile, it is fortunate that some instances remain intact—but a variety of natural and anthropogenic factors can lead to its disappearance. Therefore, as a valuable cultural heritage, rock art requires special conservation and protection measures. Geomatic remote-sensing technologies such as 3D terrestrial laser scanning (3DTLS), drone flight, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) allow us to generate exhaustive documentation of caves and their environment in 2D, 2.5D, and 3D. However, only its combined use with 3D geographic information systems (GIS) lets us generate new cave maps with details such as overlying layer thickness, sinkholes, fractures, joints, and detachments that also more precisely reveal interior–exterior interconnections and gaseous exchange; i.e., the state of senescence of the karst that houses the cave. Information of this kind is of great value for the research, management, conservation, monitoring, and dissemination of cave art.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1087cultural heritagerock artgeomaticsdata processing3D terrestrial laser scannerglobal navigation satellite systems |
| spellingShingle | Vicente Bayarri Alfredo Prada Francisco García Lucía M. Díaz-González Carmen De Las Heras Elena Castillo Pilar Fatás Integration of Remote-Sensing Techniques for the Preventive Conservation of Paleolithic Cave Art in the Karst of the Altamira Cave Remote Sensing cultural heritage rock art geomatics data processing 3D terrestrial laser scanner global navigation satellite systems |
| title | Integration of Remote-Sensing Techniques for the Preventive Conservation of Paleolithic Cave Art in the Karst of the Altamira Cave |
| title_full | Integration of Remote-Sensing Techniques for the Preventive Conservation of Paleolithic Cave Art in the Karst of the Altamira Cave |
| title_fullStr | Integration of Remote-Sensing Techniques for the Preventive Conservation of Paleolithic Cave Art in the Karst of the Altamira Cave |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integration of Remote-Sensing Techniques for the Preventive Conservation of Paleolithic Cave Art in the Karst of the Altamira Cave |
| title_short | Integration of Remote-Sensing Techniques for the Preventive Conservation of Paleolithic Cave Art in the Karst of the Altamira Cave |
| title_sort | integration of remote sensing techniques for the preventive conservation of paleolithic cave art in the karst of the altamira cave |
| topic | cultural heritage rock art geomatics data processing 3D terrestrial laser scanner global navigation satellite systems |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/4/1087 |
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