Effect of Water Stress on Grain Yield and Physiological Characters of Quinoa Genotypes
Climate change scenarios predict that an extended period of drought is a real threat to food security, emphasizing the need for new crops that tolerate these conditions. Quinoa is the best option because it has the potential to grow under water deficit conditions. There is considerable variation in...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/10/1934 |
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| author | Muhammad Sohail Saddiq Xiukang Wang Shahid Iqbal Muhammad Bilal Hafeez Shahbaz Khan Ali Raza Javaid Iqbal Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool Sajid Fiaz Muhammad Akram Qazi Ali Bakhsh Jahanzaib Allah Bakhsh Gulshan |
| author_facet | Muhammad Sohail Saddiq Xiukang Wang Shahid Iqbal Muhammad Bilal Hafeez Shahbaz Khan Ali Raza Javaid Iqbal Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool Sajid Fiaz Muhammad Akram Qazi Ali Bakhsh Jahanzaib Allah Bakhsh Gulshan |
| author_sort | Muhammad Sohail Saddiq |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climate change scenarios predict that an extended period of drought is a real threat to food security, emphasizing the need for new crops that tolerate these conditions. Quinoa is the best option because it has the potential to grow under water deficit conditions. There is considerable variation in drought tolerance in quinoa genotypes, and the selection of drought-tolerant quinoa germplasms is of great interest. The main goal of this work is to evaluate the crop yield and characterize the physiology of 20 quinoa genotypes grown under water deficit in a wirehouse. The experiment was a complete randomized design (CRD) factorial with three replications. Seedling growth, i.e., fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), relative growth rate of root length (RGR-RL), shoot length (RGR-SL), and physiological performance, i.e., chlorophyll content (<i>a</i> and <i>b</i>), carotenoid, leaf phenolic content, leaf proline content, membrane stability index (MSI), and leaf K<sup>+</sup> accumulation were evaluated in a hydroponic culture under different water-deficit levels developed by PEG 6000 doses (<i>w/v</i>) of 0% (control), 0.3%, and 0.6%. Yield attributes were evaluated in a pot at three different soil moisture levels, as determined by soil gravimetric water holding capacity (WHC) of 100 (control), 50% WHC (50 % drought stress) and 25% WHC (75% stress). In both experiments, under the water stress condition, the growth (hydroponic study) and yield traits (pot study) were significantly reduced compared to control treatments. On the drought tolerance index (DTI) based on seed yield, genotype 16 followed by 10, 1, 4, 5, 7, and 12 could be considered drought-tolerant genotypes that produced maximum grain yield and improved physiological characteristics under severe water stress conditions in hydroponic culture. In both studies, genotypes 3, 8, 13, and 20 performed poorly and were considered drought-sensitive genotypes with the lowest DTI values under water-stressed conditions. All the studied agronomic traits (grain yield, root and shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weights) and physiological traits (leaf phenolic, proline content, carotenoid, K<sup>+</sup> accumulation, membrane stability index, and relative water content) were firmly inter-correlated and strongly correlated with DTI. They can be regarded as screening criteria, employing a large set of quinoa genotypes in a breeding program. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:47:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a817b06e1b774caeb32ca8d73b2924de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:47:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-a817b06e1b774caeb32ca8d73b2924de2023-11-22T17:06:02ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-09-011110193410.3390/agronomy11101934Effect of Water Stress on Grain Yield and Physiological Characters of Quinoa GenotypesMuhammad Sohail Saddiq0Xiukang Wang1Shahid Iqbal2Muhammad Bilal Hafeez3Shahbaz Khan4Ali Raza5Javaid Iqbal6Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool7Sajid Fiaz8Muhammad Akram Qazi9Ali Bakhsh10Jahanzaib11Allah Bakhsh Gulshan12Department of Agronomy, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, PakistanCollege of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, ChinaDepartment of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, PakistanDepartment of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanNational Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad 44000, PakistanFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaDepartment of Agronomy, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, PakistanDepartment of Agronomy, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, PakistanDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, PakistanDirectorate of Soil Fertility Research Institute, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, PakistanDepartment of Forestry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanDepartment of Botany, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, PakistanClimate change scenarios predict that an extended period of drought is a real threat to food security, emphasizing the need for new crops that tolerate these conditions. Quinoa is the best option because it has the potential to grow under water deficit conditions. There is considerable variation in drought tolerance in quinoa genotypes, and the selection of drought-tolerant quinoa germplasms is of great interest. The main goal of this work is to evaluate the crop yield and characterize the physiology of 20 quinoa genotypes grown under water deficit in a wirehouse. The experiment was a complete randomized design (CRD) factorial with three replications. Seedling growth, i.e., fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), relative growth rate of root length (RGR-RL), shoot length (RGR-SL), and physiological performance, i.e., chlorophyll content (<i>a</i> and <i>b</i>), carotenoid, leaf phenolic content, leaf proline content, membrane stability index (MSI), and leaf K<sup>+</sup> accumulation were evaluated in a hydroponic culture under different water-deficit levels developed by PEG 6000 doses (<i>w/v</i>) of 0% (control), 0.3%, and 0.6%. Yield attributes were evaluated in a pot at three different soil moisture levels, as determined by soil gravimetric water holding capacity (WHC) of 100 (control), 50% WHC (50 % drought stress) and 25% WHC (75% stress). In both experiments, under the water stress condition, the growth (hydroponic study) and yield traits (pot study) were significantly reduced compared to control treatments. On the drought tolerance index (DTI) based on seed yield, genotype 16 followed by 10, 1, 4, 5, 7, and 12 could be considered drought-tolerant genotypes that produced maximum grain yield and improved physiological characteristics under severe water stress conditions in hydroponic culture. In both studies, genotypes 3, 8, 13, and 20 performed poorly and were considered drought-sensitive genotypes with the lowest DTI values under water-stressed conditions. All the studied agronomic traits (grain yield, root and shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weights) and physiological traits (leaf phenolic, proline content, carotenoid, K<sup>+</sup> accumulation, membrane stability index, and relative water content) were firmly inter-correlated and strongly correlated with DTI. They can be regarded as screening criteria, employing a large set of quinoa genotypes in a breeding program.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/10/1934drought tolerantquinoaK<sup>+</sup> accumulationprolinegrain yieldGGE biplot |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Sohail Saddiq Xiukang Wang Shahid Iqbal Muhammad Bilal Hafeez Shahbaz Khan Ali Raza Javaid Iqbal Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool Sajid Fiaz Muhammad Akram Qazi Ali Bakhsh Jahanzaib Allah Bakhsh Gulshan Effect of Water Stress on Grain Yield and Physiological Characters of Quinoa Genotypes Agronomy drought tolerant quinoa K<sup>+</sup> accumulation proline grain yield GGE biplot |
| title | Effect of Water Stress on Grain Yield and Physiological Characters of Quinoa Genotypes |
| title_full | Effect of Water Stress on Grain Yield and Physiological Characters of Quinoa Genotypes |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Water Stress on Grain Yield and Physiological Characters of Quinoa Genotypes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Water Stress on Grain Yield and Physiological Characters of Quinoa Genotypes |
| title_short | Effect of Water Stress on Grain Yield and Physiological Characters of Quinoa Genotypes |
| title_sort | effect of water stress on grain yield and physiological characters of quinoa genotypes |
| topic | drought tolerant quinoa K<sup>+</sup> accumulation proline grain yield GGE biplot |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/10/1934 |
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