Vitamin D in Diabetes: Uncovering the Sunshine Hormone’s Role in Glucose Metabolism and Beyond
Over the last decades, epidemiology and functional studies have started to reveal a pivotal role of vitamin D in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Acting through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D regulates insulin secretion in pancreatic islets and insulin sensitivity in multiple p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/8/1997 |
| _version_ | 1797603970671181824 |
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| author | Jie Wu Annette Atkins Michael Downes Zong Wei |
| author_facet | Jie Wu Annette Atkins Michael Downes Zong Wei |
| author_sort | Jie Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Over the last decades, epidemiology and functional studies have started to reveal a pivotal role of vitamin D in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Acting through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D regulates insulin secretion in pancreatic islets and insulin sensitivity in multiple peripheral metabolic organs. In vitro studies and both T1D and T2D animal models showed that vitamin D can improve glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion, reducing inflammation, reducing autoimmunity, preserving beta cell mass, and sensitizing insulin action. Conversely, vitamin D deficiency has been shown relevant in increasing T1D and T2D incidence. While clinical trials testing the hypothesis that vitamin D improves glycemia in T2D have shown conflicting results, subgroup and meta-analyses support the idea that raising serum vitamin D levels may reduce the progression from prediabetes to T2D. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of vitamin D in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and immunity, as well as the observational and interventional human studies investigating the use of vitamin D as a treatment for diabetes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:39:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a8199c60db0e4fbe93067694556807b4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:39:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-a8199c60db0e4fbe93067694556807b42023-11-17T20:47:27ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-04-01158199710.3390/nu15081997Vitamin D in Diabetes: Uncovering the Sunshine Hormone’s Role in Glucose Metabolism and BeyondJie Wu0Annette Atkins1Michael Downes2Zong Wei3Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USAGene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USAGene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USADepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USAOver the last decades, epidemiology and functional studies have started to reveal a pivotal role of vitamin D in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Acting through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D regulates insulin secretion in pancreatic islets and insulin sensitivity in multiple peripheral metabolic organs. In vitro studies and both T1D and T2D animal models showed that vitamin D can improve glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion, reducing inflammation, reducing autoimmunity, preserving beta cell mass, and sensitizing insulin action. Conversely, vitamin D deficiency has been shown relevant in increasing T1D and T2D incidence. While clinical trials testing the hypothesis that vitamin D improves glycemia in T2D have shown conflicting results, subgroup and meta-analyses support the idea that raising serum vitamin D levels may reduce the progression from prediabetes to T2D. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of vitamin D in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and immunity, as well as the observational and interventional human studies investigating the use of vitamin D as a treatment for diabetes.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/8/1997vitamin Dtype 2 diabetesbeta cellsvitamin D receptorinsulin |
| spellingShingle | Jie Wu Annette Atkins Michael Downes Zong Wei Vitamin D in Diabetes: Uncovering the Sunshine Hormone’s Role in Glucose Metabolism and Beyond Nutrients vitamin D type 2 diabetes beta cells vitamin D receptor insulin |
| title | Vitamin D in Diabetes: Uncovering the Sunshine Hormone’s Role in Glucose Metabolism and Beyond |
| title_full | Vitamin D in Diabetes: Uncovering the Sunshine Hormone’s Role in Glucose Metabolism and Beyond |
| title_fullStr | Vitamin D in Diabetes: Uncovering the Sunshine Hormone’s Role in Glucose Metabolism and Beyond |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D in Diabetes: Uncovering the Sunshine Hormone’s Role in Glucose Metabolism and Beyond |
| title_short | Vitamin D in Diabetes: Uncovering the Sunshine Hormone’s Role in Glucose Metabolism and Beyond |
| title_sort | vitamin d in diabetes uncovering the sunshine hormone s role in glucose metabolism and beyond |
| topic | vitamin D type 2 diabetes beta cells vitamin D receptor insulin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/8/1997 |
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