Impact of Salt Intake and RAAS blockade on lung SARS CoV-2 Host Factors
Introduction: The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as well as the transmembrane protease serine type 2 (TMPRSS2) have been found to play roles in cell entry for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infec...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Karger Publishers
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Kidney & Blood Pressure Research |
| Online Access: | https://beta.karger.com/Article/FullText/525368 |
| _version_ | 1798036662936141824 |
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| author | Xiaoli Zhang Liping Liu Mohamed M.S. Gaballa Ahmed A Hasan Yingquan Xiong Li Xie Thomas Klein Denis Delic Burkhard Kleuser Bernhard K. Krämer Jian Li Berthold Hocher |
| author_facet | Xiaoli Zhang Liping Liu Mohamed M.S. Gaballa Ahmed A Hasan Yingquan Xiong Li Xie Thomas Klein Denis Delic Burkhard Kleuser Bernhard K. Krämer Jian Li Berthold Hocher |
| author_sort | Xiaoli Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as well as the transmembrane protease serine type 2 (TMPRSS2) have been found to play roles in cell entry for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and severity of COVID-19 might be indicated by the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the lung.
Methods: A high salt diet rat model and RAAS blockade were used to test whether these factors affect ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression of the lung. A normal (0.3% NaCl), a medium (2% NaCl), or a high (8% NaCl) salt diet was fed to rats for 12 weeks, along with enalapril or telmisartan, before examining the lung for histopathological alteration. Using immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR, the localization as well as mRNA expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were investigated.
Results: The findings provide evidence that both TMPRSS2 and ACE2 are highly expressed in bronchial epithelial cells as well as ACE2 was also expressed in alveolar type2 (AT2) cells. High salt diet exposure in rats leads to elevated ACE2 expression on protein level. Treatment with RAAS blockers had no effect on lung tissue expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2.
Conclusions: These findings offer biological support regarding the safety of these drugs that are often prescribed to COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular co-morbidity. High salt intake on the other hand might adversely affect COVID-19 outcome. Our preclinical data should stimulate clinical studies addressing this point of concern. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:15:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a821c7266a894f01bf849f180a29b09d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-4096 1423-0143 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:15:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Karger Publishers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Kidney & Blood Pressure Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-a821c7266a894f01bf849f180a29b09d2022-12-22T04:02:49ZengKarger PublishersKidney & Blood Pressure Research1420-40961423-01432022-07-0110.1159/000525368525368Impact of Salt Intake and RAAS blockade on lung SARS CoV-2 Host FactorsXiaoli ZhangLiping LiuMohamed M.S. Gaballahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-430XAhmed A HasanYingquan XiongLi Xiehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2339-4917Thomas KleinDenis DelicBurkhard KleuserBernhard K. Krämerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1718-2918Jian LiBerthold Hocherhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-0579Introduction: The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as well as the transmembrane protease serine type 2 (TMPRSS2) have been found to play roles in cell entry for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and severity of COVID-19 might be indicated by the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the lung. Methods: A high salt diet rat model and RAAS blockade were used to test whether these factors affect ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression of the lung. A normal (0.3% NaCl), a medium (2% NaCl), or a high (8% NaCl) salt diet was fed to rats for 12 weeks, along with enalapril or telmisartan, before examining the lung for histopathological alteration. Using immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR, the localization as well as mRNA expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were investigated. Results: The findings provide evidence that both TMPRSS2 and ACE2 are highly expressed in bronchial epithelial cells as well as ACE2 was also expressed in alveolar type2 (AT2) cells. High salt diet exposure in rats leads to elevated ACE2 expression on protein level. Treatment with RAAS blockers had no effect on lung tissue expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Conclusions: These findings offer biological support regarding the safety of these drugs that are often prescribed to COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular co-morbidity. High salt intake on the other hand might adversely affect COVID-19 outcome. Our preclinical data should stimulate clinical studies addressing this point of concern.https://beta.karger.com/Article/FullText/525368 |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoli Zhang Liping Liu Mohamed M.S. Gaballa Ahmed A Hasan Yingquan Xiong Li Xie Thomas Klein Denis Delic Burkhard Kleuser Bernhard K. Krämer Jian Li Berthold Hocher Impact of Salt Intake and RAAS blockade on lung SARS CoV-2 Host Factors Kidney & Blood Pressure Research |
| title | Impact of Salt Intake and RAAS blockade on lung SARS CoV-2 Host Factors |
| title_full | Impact of Salt Intake and RAAS blockade on lung SARS CoV-2 Host Factors |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Salt Intake and RAAS blockade on lung SARS CoV-2 Host Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Salt Intake and RAAS blockade on lung SARS CoV-2 Host Factors |
| title_short | Impact of Salt Intake and RAAS blockade on lung SARS CoV-2 Host Factors |
| title_sort | impact of salt intake and raas blockade on lung sars cov 2 host factors |
| url | https://beta.karger.com/Article/FullText/525368 |
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