Occurrence of <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. in Raw Vegetables: Molecular and Phenotypical Analysis of Their Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence-Related Traits
<i>Pseudomonas</i> is characterized by its great capacity to colonize different ecological niches, but also by its antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity, causing human, animal, or plant diseases. Raw and undercooked food is a potential carrier of foodborne disease. The aim of this s...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/23/12626 |
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| author | Lidia Ruiz-Roldán Beatriz Rojo-Bezares Carmen Lozano María López Gabriela Chichón Carmen Torres Yolanda Sáenz |
| author_facet | Lidia Ruiz-Roldán Beatriz Rojo-Bezares Carmen Lozano María López Gabriela Chichón Carmen Torres Yolanda Sáenz |
| author_sort | Lidia Ruiz-Roldán |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Pseudomonas</i> is characterized by its great capacity to colonize different ecological niches, but also by its antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity, causing human, animal, or plant diseases. Raw and undercooked food is a potential carrier of foodborne disease. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. among raw vegetables, analysing their antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and molecular typing. A total of 163 <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. isolates (12 different species) were recovered from 77 of the 145 analysed samples (53.1%) and were classified into 139 different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Low antimicrobial resistance levels, but one multidrug-resistant isolate, were found. Among the 37 recovered <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains, 28 sequence-types and nine serotypes were detected. Eleven OprD patterns and an insertion sequence (IS<i>Pa1635</i>) truncating the <i>oprD</i> gene of one imipenem-resistant strain were found. Ten virulotypes were observed, including four <i>exoU</i>-positive and thirty-one <i>exoS</i>-positive strains. The <i>lasR</i> gene was absent in three ST155 strains and was truncated by different insertion sequences (IS<i>Pre2</i>, IS<i>1411</i>, and IS<i>Pst7</i>) in other three strains. High biofilm, motility, pigment, elastase, and rhamnolipid production were detected. Our study demonstrated a low occurrence of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (18%) and low antimicrobial resistance, but a high number of virulence-related traits in these <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains, highlighting their pathological importance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:53:33Z |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:53:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a82253039122435ca2fa2d760dddcb722023-11-23T02:25:25ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-11-0122231262610.3390/ijms222312626Occurrence of <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. in Raw Vegetables: Molecular and Phenotypical Analysis of Their Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence-Related TraitsLidia Ruiz-Roldán0Beatriz Rojo-Bezares1Carmen Lozano2María López3Gabriela Chichón4Carmen Torres5Yolanda Sáenz6Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, SpainÁrea de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, C/Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain<i>Pseudomonas</i> is characterized by its great capacity to colonize different ecological niches, but also by its antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity, causing human, animal, or plant diseases. Raw and undercooked food is a potential carrier of foodborne disease. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. among raw vegetables, analysing their antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and molecular typing. A total of 163 <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. isolates (12 different species) were recovered from 77 of the 145 analysed samples (53.1%) and were classified into 139 different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Low antimicrobial resistance levels, but one multidrug-resistant isolate, were found. Among the 37 recovered <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains, 28 sequence-types and nine serotypes were detected. Eleven OprD patterns and an insertion sequence (IS<i>Pa1635</i>) truncating the <i>oprD</i> gene of one imipenem-resistant strain were found. Ten virulotypes were observed, including four <i>exoU</i>-positive and thirty-one <i>exoS</i>-positive strains. The <i>lasR</i> gene was absent in three ST155 strains and was truncated by different insertion sequences (IS<i>Pre2</i>, IS<i>1411</i>, and IS<i>Pst7</i>) in other three strains. High biofilm, motility, pigment, elastase, and rhamnolipid production were detected. Our study demonstrated a low occurrence of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (18%) and low antimicrobial resistance, but a high number of virulence-related traits in these <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains, highlighting their pathological importance.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/23/12626biofilm<i>lasR</i>OprDpigmentST155virulence |
| spellingShingle | Lidia Ruiz-Roldán Beatriz Rojo-Bezares Carmen Lozano María López Gabriela Chichón Carmen Torres Yolanda Sáenz Occurrence of <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. in Raw Vegetables: Molecular and Phenotypical Analysis of Their Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence-Related Traits International Journal of Molecular Sciences biofilm <i>lasR</i> OprD pigment ST155 virulence |
| title | Occurrence of <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. in Raw Vegetables: Molecular and Phenotypical Analysis of Their Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence-Related Traits |
| title_full | Occurrence of <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. in Raw Vegetables: Molecular and Phenotypical Analysis of Their Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence-Related Traits |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence of <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. in Raw Vegetables: Molecular and Phenotypical Analysis of Their Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence-Related Traits |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence of <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. in Raw Vegetables: Molecular and Phenotypical Analysis of Their Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence-Related Traits |
| title_short | Occurrence of <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. in Raw Vegetables: Molecular and Phenotypical Analysis of Their Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence-Related Traits |
| title_sort | occurrence of i pseudomonas i spp in raw vegetables molecular and phenotypical analysis of their antimicrobial resistance and virulence related traits |
| topic | biofilm <i>lasR</i> OprD pigment ST155 virulence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/23/12626 |
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