Alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation reinstates motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury
Norepinephrine plays an important role in motor functional recovery after a brain injury caused by ferrous chloride. Inhibition of norepinephrine release by clonidine is correlated with motor deficits after motor cortex injury. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of α2-adrenergic receptors...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Neural Regeneration Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.nrronline.org/article.asp?issn=1673-5374;year=2023;volume=18;issue=4;spage=875;epage=880;aulast=García-Díaz |
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| author | Gabriela García-Díaz Laura E Ramos-Languren Carmen Parra-Cid Joel Lomelí Sergio Montes Camilo Ríos Antonio Bueno-Nava Ignacio Valencia-Hernández Rigoberto González-Piña |
| author_facet | Gabriela García-Díaz Laura E Ramos-Languren Carmen Parra-Cid Joel Lomelí Sergio Montes Camilo Ríos Antonio Bueno-Nava Ignacio Valencia-Hernández Rigoberto González-Piña |
| author_sort | Gabriela García-Díaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Norepinephrine plays an important role in motor functional recovery after a brain injury caused by ferrous chloride. Inhibition of norepinephrine release by clonidine is correlated with motor deficits after motor cortex injury. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of α2-adrenergic receptors in the restoration of motor deficits in recovering rats after brain damage. The rats were randomly assigned to the sham and injury groups and then treated with the following pharmacological agents at 3 hours before and 8 hours, 3 days, and 20 days after ferrous chloride-induced cortical injury: saline, clonidine, efaroxan (a selective antagonist of α2-adrenergic receptors) and clonidine + efaroxan. The sensorimotor score, the immunohistochemical staining for α2A-adrenergic receptors, and norepinephrine levels were evaluated. Eight hours post-injury, the sensorimotor score and norepinephrine levels in the locus coeruleus of the injured rats decreased, and these effects were maintained 3 days post-injury. However, 20 days later, clonidine administration diminished norepinephrine levels in the pons compared with the sham group. This effect was accompanied by sensorimotor deficits. These effects were blocked by efaroxan. In conclusion, an increase in α2-adrenergic receptor levels was observed after injury. Clonidine restores motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury, an effect that was prevented by efaroxan. The underlying mechanisms involve the stimulation of hypersensitive α2-adrenergic receptors and inhibition of norepinephrine activity in the locus coeruleus. The results of this study suggest that α2 receptor agonists might restore deficits or impede rehabilitation in patients with brain injury, and therefore pharmacological therapies need to be prescribed cautiously to these patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T10:03:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a825f875e904450b95688508497220e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1673-5374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T10:03:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neural Regeneration Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-a825f875e904450b95688508497220e42022-12-22T04:30:20ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsNeural Regeneration Research1673-53742023-01-0118487588010.4103/1673-5374.353501Alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation reinstates motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injuryGabriela García-DíazLaura E Ramos-LangurenCarmen Parra-CidJoel LomelíSergio MontesCamilo RíosAntonio Bueno-NavaIgnacio Valencia-HernándezRigoberto González-PiñaNorepinephrine plays an important role in motor functional recovery after a brain injury caused by ferrous chloride. Inhibition of norepinephrine release by clonidine is correlated with motor deficits after motor cortex injury. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of α2-adrenergic receptors in the restoration of motor deficits in recovering rats after brain damage. The rats were randomly assigned to the sham and injury groups and then treated with the following pharmacological agents at 3 hours before and 8 hours, 3 days, and 20 days after ferrous chloride-induced cortical injury: saline, clonidine, efaroxan (a selective antagonist of α2-adrenergic receptors) and clonidine + efaroxan. The sensorimotor score, the immunohistochemical staining for α2A-adrenergic receptors, and norepinephrine levels were evaluated. Eight hours post-injury, the sensorimotor score and norepinephrine levels in the locus coeruleus of the injured rats decreased, and these effects were maintained 3 days post-injury. However, 20 days later, clonidine administration diminished norepinephrine levels in the pons compared with the sham group. This effect was accompanied by sensorimotor deficits. These effects were blocked by efaroxan. In conclusion, an increase in α2-adrenergic receptor levels was observed after injury. Clonidine restores motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury, an effect that was prevented by efaroxan. The underlying mechanisms involve the stimulation of hypersensitive α2-adrenergic receptors and inhibition of norepinephrine activity in the locus coeruleus. The results of this study suggest that α2 receptor agonists might restore deficits or impede rehabilitation in patients with brain injury, and therefore pharmacological therapies need to be prescribed cautiously to these patients.http://www.nrronline.org/article.asp?issn=1673-5374;year=2023;volume=18;issue=4;spage=875;epage=880;aulast=García-Díazalpha2-adrenoceptors; ambulatory behavior; clonidine; cortical injury; efaroxan; functional recovery; immunohistochemistry; motor deficit; norepinephrine; sensorimotor score |
| spellingShingle | Gabriela García-Díaz Laura E Ramos-Languren Carmen Parra-Cid Joel Lomelí Sergio Montes Camilo Ríos Antonio Bueno-Nava Ignacio Valencia-Hernández Rigoberto González-Piña Alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation reinstates motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury Neural Regeneration Research alpha2-adrenoceptors; ambulatory behavior; clonidine; cortical injury; efaroxan; functional recovery; immunohistochemistry; motor deficit; norepinephrine; sensorimotor score |
| title | Alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation reinstates motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury |
| title_full | Alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation reinstates motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury |
| title_fullStr | Alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation reinstates motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation reinstates motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury |
| title_short | Alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation reinstates motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury |
| title_sort | alpha2 adrenergic receptor activation reinstates motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury |
| topic | alpha2-adrenoceptors; ambulatory behavior; clonidine; cortical injury; efaroxan; functional recovery; immunohistochemistry; motor deficit; norepinephrine; sensorimotor score |
| url | http://www.nrronline.org/article.asp?issn=1673-5374;year=2023;volume=18;issue=4;spage=875;epage=880;aulast=García-Díaz |
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