Biological Assessment of the NO-Dependent Endothelial Function
Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in numerous physiological processes, including vascular homeostasis. Reduced NO bioavailability is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, a prequel to many cardiovascular diseases. Biomarkers of an early NO-dependent endothelial dysfunction obtained from routine venou...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/22/7921 |
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| author | Hasnae Boughaleb Irina Lobysheva Flavia Dei Zotti Jean-Luc Balligand Virginie Montiel |
| author_facet | Hasnae Boughaleb Irina Lobysheva Flavia Dei Zotti Jean-Luc Balligand Virginie Montiel |
| author_sort | Hasnae Boughaleb |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in numerous physiological processes, including vascular homeostasis. Reduced NO bioavailability is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, a prequel to many cardiovascular diseases. Biomarkers of an early NO-dependent endothelial dysfunction obtained from routine venous blood sampling would be of great interest but are currently lacking. The direct measurement of circulating NO remains a challenge due by its high reactivity and short half-life. The current techniques measure stable products from the NO signaling pathway or metabolic end products of NO that do not accurately represent its bioavailability and, therefore, endothelial function per se. In this review, we will concentrate on an original technique of low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy capable to directly measure the 5-α-coordinated heme nitrosyl-hemoglobin in the T (tense) state (5-α-nitrosyl-hemoglobin or HbNO) obtained from fresh venous human erythrocytes. In humans, HbNO reflects the bioavailability of NO formed in the vasculature from vascular endothelial NOS or exogenous NO donors with minor contribution from erythrocyte NOS. The HbNO signal is directly correlated with the vascular endothelial function and inversely correlated with vascular oxidative stress. Pilot studies support the validity of HbNO measurements both for the detection of endothelial dysfunction in asymptomatic subjects and for the monitoring of such dysfunction in patients with known cardiovascular disease. The impact of therapies or the severity of diseases such as COVID-19 infection involving the endothelium could also be monitored and their incumbent risk of complications better predicted through serial measurements of HbNO. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:07:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a82bde15917c4e48875801e044c15e1d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:07:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-a82bde15917c4e48875801e044c15e1d2023-11-24T09:23:25ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-11-012722792110.3390/molecules27227921Biological Assessment of the NO-Dependent Endothelial FunctionHasnae Boughaleb0Irina Lobysheva1Flavia Dei Zotti2Jean-Luc Balligand3Virginie Montiel4Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, BelgiumPole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, BelgiumPole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, BelgiumPole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, BelgiumPole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, BelgiumNitric oxide (NO) is implicated in numerous physiological processes, including vascular homeostasis. Reduced NO bioavailability is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, a prequel to many cardiovascular diseases. Biomarkers of an early NO-dependent endothelial dysfunction obtained from routine venous blood sampling would be of great interest but are currently lacking. The direct measurement of circulating NO remains a challenge due by its high reactivity and short half-life. The current techniques measure stable products from the NO signaling pathway or metabolic end products of NO that do not accurately represent its bioavailability and, therefore, endothelial function per se. In this review, we will concentrate on an original technique of low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy capable to directly measure the 5-α-coordinated heme nitrosyl-hemoglobin in the T (tense) state (5-α-nitrosyl-hemoglobin or HbNO) obtained from fresh venous human erythrocytes. In humans, HbNO reflects the bioavailability of NO formed in the vasculature from vascular endothelial NOS or exogenous NO donors with minor contribution from erythrocyte NOS. The HbNO signal is directly correlated with the vascular endothelial function and inversely correlated with vascular oxidative stress. Pilot studies support the validity of HbNO measurements both for the detection of endothelial dysfunction in asymptomatic subjects and for the monitoring of such dysfunction in patients with known cardiovascular disease. The impact of therapies or the severity of diseases such as COVID-19 infection involving the endothelium could also be monitored and their incumbent risk of complications better predicted through serial measurements of HbNO.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/22/7921nitric oxideNO-dependent endothelial functionNO bioavailabilityendothelial dysfunctionnitrosylated hemoglobinHbNO |
| spellingShingle | Hasnae Boughaleb Irina Lobysheva Flavia Dei Zotti Jean-Luc Balligand Virginie Montiel Biological Assessment of the NO-Dependent Endothelial Function Molecules nitric oxide NO-dependent endothelial function NO bioavailability endothelial dysfunction nitrosylated hemoglobin HbNO |
| title | Biological Assessment of the NO-Dependent Endothelial Function |
| title_full | Biological Assessment of the NO-Dependent Endothelial Function |
| title_fullStr | Biological Assessment of the NO-Dependent Endothelial Function |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biological Assessment of the NO-Dependent Endothelial Function |
| title_short | Biological Assessment of the NO-Dependent Endothelial Function |
| title_sort | biological assessment of the no dependent endothelial function |
| topic | nitric oxide NO-dependent endothelial function NO bioavailability endothelial dysfunction nitrosylated hemoglobin HbNO |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/22/7921 |
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