Multi-Media and Multi-Band Based Adaptation Layer Techniques for Underwater Sensor Networks
In the last few decades, underwater communication systems have been widely used for the development of navy, military, business, and safety applications, etc. However, in underwater communication systems, there are several challenging issues, such as limitations in bandwidth, propagation delay, 3D t...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/15/3187 |
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| author | Delphin Raj K M Sun-Ho Yum Eunbi Ko Soo-Young Shin Jung-Il Namgung Soo-Hyun Park |
| author_facet | Delphin Raj K M Sun-Ho Yum Eunbi Ko Soo-Young Shin Jung-Il Namgung Soo-Hyun Park |
| author_sort | Delphin Raj K M |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the last few decades, underwater communication systems have been widely used for the development of navy, military, business, and safety applications, etc. However, in underwater communication systems, there are several challenging issues, such as limitations in bandwidth, propagation delay, 3D topology, media access control, routing, resource utilization, and power constraints. Underwater communication systems work under severe channel conditions such as ambient noise, frequency selectivity, multi-path and Doppler shifts. In order to collect and transmit the data in effective ways, multi-media/multi-band-based adaptation layer technology is proposed in this paper. The underwater communication scenario comprises of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs), Surface gateways, sensor nodes, etc. The transmission of data starts from sensor nodes to surface gateway in a hierarchical manner through multiple channels. In order to provide strong and reliable communication underwater, the adaptation layer uses a multi-band/multi-media approach for transferring data. Hence, in this paper, existing techniques for splitting the band such as Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA), or Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) are used for splitting the frequency band, and the medium selection mechanism is proposed to carry the signal through different media such as Acoustic, Visible Light Communication (VLC), and Infrared (IR) signals in underwater. For the channel selection mechanism, two phases are involved: 1. Finding the distance of near and far nodes using Manhattan method, and 2. Medium selection and data transferring algorithm for choosing different media. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T18:45:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a82c587b23dc4325a3c0e9535bed2021 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T18:45:26Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a82c587b23dc4325a3c0e9535bed20212022-12-21T18:53:55ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172019-08-01915318710.3390/app9153187app9153187Multi-Media and Multi-Band Based Adaptation Layer Techniques for Underwater Sensor NetworksDelphin Raj K M0Sun-Ho Yum1Eunbi Ko2Soo-Young Shin3Jung-Il Namgung4Soo-Hyun Park5Department of Financial Information Security, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, KoreaDepartment of Financial Information Security, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, KoreaDepartment of Computer Science, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, KoreaSpecial Communication Research Center, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, KoreaBLUnomous, Kyunggido 12285, KoreaDepartment of Computer Science, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, KoreaIn the last few decades, underwater communication systems have been widely used for the development of navy, military, business, and safety applications, etc. However, in underwater communication systems, there are several challenging issues, such as limitations in bandwidth, propagation delay, 3D topology, media access control, routing, resource utilization, and power constraints. Underwater communication systems work under severe channel conditions such as ambient noise, frequency selectivity, multi-path and Doppler shifts. In order to collect and transmit the data in effective ways, multi-media/multi-band-based adaptation layer technology is proposed in this paper. The underwater communication scenario comprises of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs), Surface gateways, sensor nodes, etc. The transmission of data starts from sensor nodes to surface gateway in a hierarchical manner through multiple channels. In order to provide strong and reliable communication underwater, the adaptation layer uses a multi-band/multi-media approach for transferring data. Hence, in this paper, existing techniques for splitting the band such as Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA), or Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) are used for splitting the frequency band, and the medium selection mechanism is proposed to carry the signal through different media such as Acoustic, Visible Light Communication (VLC), and Infrared (IR) signals in underwater. For the channel selection mechanism, two phases are involved: 1. Finding the distance of near and far nodes using Manhattan method, and 2. Medium selection and data transferring algorithm for choosing different media.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/15/3187multi-bandmulti-mediaadaptation layerunderwater communicationvisible light communication (VLC)infrared (IR)acoustic |
| spellingShingle | Delphin Raj K M Sun-Ho Yum Eunbi Ko Soo-Young Shin Jung-Il Namgung Soo-Hyun Park Multi-Media and Multi-Band Based Adaptation Layer Techniques for Underwater Sensor Networks Applied Sciences multi-band multi-media adaptation layer underwater communication visible light communication (VLC) infrared (IR) acoustic |
| title | Multi-Media and Multi-Band Based Adaptation Layer Techniques for Underwater Sensor Networks |
| title_full | Multi-Media and Multi-Band Based Adaptation Layer Techniques for Underwater Sensor Networks |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Media and Multi-Band Based Adaptation Layer Techniques for Underwater Sensor Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Media and Multi-Band Based Adaptation Layer Techniques for Underwater Sensor Networks |
| title_short | Multi-Media and Multi-Band Based Adaptation Layer Techniques for Underwater Sensor Networks |
| title_sort | multi media and multi band based adaptation layer techniques for underwater sensor networks |
| topic | multi-band multi-media adaptation layer underwater communication visible light communication (VLC) infrared (IR) acoustic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/15/3187 |
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