Recent Progress in Reconfigurable and Intelligent Metasurfaces: A Comprehensive Review of Tuning Mechanisms, Hardware Designs, and Applications
Abstract Intelligent metasurfaces have gained significant importance in recent years due to their ability to dynamically manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. Their multifunctional characteristics, realized by incorporating active elements into the metasurface designs, have huge potential in numero...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Advanced Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202203747 |
| _version_ | 1811304688301113344 |
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| author | Yasir Saifullah Yejun He Amir Boag Guo‐Min Yang Feng Xu |
| author_facet | Yasir Saifullah Yejun He Amir Boag Guo‐Min Yang Feng Xu |
| author_sort | Yasir Saifullah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Intelligent metasurfaces have gained significant importance in recent years due to their ability to dynamically manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. Their multifunctional characteristics, realized by incorporating active elements into the metasurface designs, have huge potential in numerous novel devices and exciting applications. In this article, recent progress in the field of intelligent metasurfaces are reviewed, focusing particularly on tuning mechanisms, hardware designs, and applications. Reconfigurable and programmable metasurfaces, classified as space gradient, time modulated, and space–time modulated metasurfaces, are discussed. Then, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) that can alter their wireless environments, and are considered as a promising technology for sixth‐generation communication networks, are explored. Next, the recent progress made in simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR‐RISs) that can achieve full‐space EM wave control are summarized. Finally, the perspective on the challenges and future directions of intelligent metasurfaces are presented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:11:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a8363f2d88a144bf92f2d0d970cbafb7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2198-3844 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:11:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-a8363f2d88a144bf92f2d0d970cbafb72022-12-22T02:54:57ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442022-11-01933n/an/a10.1002/advs.202203747Recent Progress in Reconfigurable and Intelligent Metasurfaces: A Comprehensive Review of Tuning Mechanisms, Hardware Designs, and ApplicationsYasir Saifullah0Yejun He1Amir Boag2Guo‐Min Yang3Feng Xu4College of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 ChinaCollege of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978 IsraelKey Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 ChinaKey Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 ChinaAbstract Intelligent metasurfaces have gained significant importance in recent years due to their ability to dynamically manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. Their multifunctional characteristics, realized by incorporating active elements into the metasurface designs, have huge potential in numerous novel devices and exciting applications. In this article, recent progress in the field of intelligent metasurfaces are reviewed, focusing particularly on tuning mechanisms, hardware designs, and applications. Reconfigurable and programmable metasurfaces, classified as space gradient, time modulated, and space–time modulated metasurfaces, are discussed. Then, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) that can alter their wireless environments, and are considered as a promising technology for sixth‐generation communication networks, are explored. Next, the recent progress made in simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR‐RISs) that can achieve full‐space EM wave control are summarized. Finally, the perspective on the challenges and future directions of intelligent metasurfaces are presented.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202203747intelligent metasurfacesmachine learningreconfigurable intelligent surfacessimultaneous transmission and reflectionsixth‐generationspace–time modulation |
| spellingShingle | Yasir Saifullah Yejun He Amir Boag Guo‐Min Yang Feng Xu Recent Progress in Reconfigurable and Intelligent Metasurfaces: A Comprehensive Review of Tuning Mechanisms, Hardware Designs, and Applications Advanced Science intelligent metasurfaces machine learning reconfigurable intelligent surfaces simultaneous transmission and reflection sixth‐generation space–time modulation |
| title | Recent Progress in Reconfigurable and Intelligent Metasurfaces: A Comprehensive Review of Tuning Mechanisms, Hardware Designs, and Applications |
| title_full | Recent Progress in Reconfigurable and Intelligent Metasurfaces: A Comprehensive Review of Tuning Mechanisms, Hardware Designs, and Applications |
| title_fullStr | Recent Progress in Reconfigurable and Intelligent Metasurfaces: A Comprehensive Review of Tuning Mechanisms, Hardware Designs, and Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent Progress in Reconfigurable and Intelligent Metasurfaces: A Comprehensive Review of Tuning Mechanisms, Hardware Designs, and Applications |
| title_short | Recent Progress in Reconfigurable and Intelligent Metasurfaces: A Comprehensive Review of Tuning Mechanisms, Hardware Designs, and Applications |
| title_sort | recent progress in reconfigurable and intelligent metasurfaces a comprehensive review of tuning mechanisms hardware designs and applications |
| topic | intelligent metasurfaces machine learning reconfigurable intelligent surfaces simultaneous transmission and reflection sixth‐generation space–time modulation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202203747 |
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