Physicochemical Characterization, Stability and Cytotoxicity of a Blue Dye Obtained from Genipap Fruit (Genipa americana L.)
Research background. The current commercial scenario indicates an increase in the demand for natural dyes. Compared to synthetic dyes, natural ones have the advantage of being sustainable, making them of great interest for the food and cosmetic industries. The development of new natural dyes is nece...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Food Technology and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/373424 |
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| author | Camila Verly de Miranda Sabino Bárbara Janaína Paula da Silva Danielle Lima Bezerra de Menezes Felipe Moura Araújo da Silva Tatiane Pereira de-Souza Hector Henrique Ferreira Koolen Ádley Antonini Neves de Lima Emerson Silva Lima |
| author_facet | Camila Verly de Miranda Sabino Bárbara Janaína Paula da Silva Danielle Lima Bezerra de Menezes Felipe Moura Araújo da Silva Tatiane Pereira de-Souza Hector Henrique Ferreira Koolen Ádley Antonini Neves de Lima Emerson Silva Lima |
| author_sort | Camila Verly de Miranda Sabino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Research background. The current commercial scenario indicates an increase in the demand for natural dyes. Compared to synthetic dyes, natural ones have the advantage of being sustainable, making them of great interest for the food and cosmetic industries. The development of new natural dyes is necessary, as well as the carrying out of complementary research regarding the existing ones.
Experimental approach. The present study aims to characterize the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the dye obtained from dehydrated endocarp of the genipap (Genipa americana) fruit, as well as perform the relevant stability and cytotoxicity tests. The chemical characterization was performed by HPLC-MS/MS analyses. The stability studies were carried out by spectrophotometry and cytotoxicity assays using cell culture and fluorometric methods.
Results and conclusions. After dehydration and milling of the fruit endocarp, water was added to the obtained powder (in the ratio 4:1) to extract the dye. Five compounds were elucidated using HPLC-MS/MS and confirmed the presence of the geniposide as its main compound. With the X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analysis, we characterised the obtained powder as being amorphous and of porous structure with a variable size. The thermogravimetric analysis indicated a maximum loss of 61% mass after exposure to a temperature range from 240 to 760 °C. The obtained blue dye was stable in the absence of light, at room temperature and had neutral pH. In the cytotoxicity assay, (95.0±1.3) % of viable human fibroblasts were observed after exposure to this dye. The genipap fruit can be a viable alternative to produce a natural blue dye, since it is easy to obtain and has very low toxicity in food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic products.
Novelty and scientific contribution. This study demonstrates for the first time the physicochemical and biological properties of a natural blue dye from G. americana fruit. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:16:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a83e9a4643ab418bb3821d6ed4f41218 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1330-9862 1334-2606 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:16:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Food Technology and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a83e9a4643ab418bb3821d6ed4f412182024-04-15T16:54:40ZengUniversity of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyFood Technology and Biotechnology1330-98621334-26062021-01-0159110311110.17113/ftb.59.01.21.6809Physicochemical Characterization, Stability and Cytotoxicity of a Blue Dye Obtained from Genipap Fruit (Genipa americana L.)Camila Verly de Miranda Sabino0Bárbara Janaína Paula da Silva1Danielle Lima Bezerra de Menezes2Felipe Moura Araújo da Silva3Tatiane Pereira de-Souza4Hector Henrique Ferreira Koolen5Ádley Antonini Neves de Lima6Emerson Silva Lima7Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Otavio, 6200, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, BrazilFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Otavio, 6200, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, BrazilFaculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, CEP 59078-970, Natal, RN, BrazilInstitute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Otavio, 6200, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, BrazilFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Otavio, 6200, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, BrazilMetabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, University of Amazon State, Av. Carvalho Leal, 1777, CEP 69050-010, Manaus, AM, BrazilFaculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, CEP 59078-970, Natal, RN, BrazilFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Otavio, 6200, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, BrazilResearch background. The current commercial scenario indicates an increase in the demand for natural dyes. Compared to synthetic dyes, natural ones have the advantage of being sustainable, making them of great interest for the food and cosmetic industries. The development of new natural dyes is necessary, as well as the carrying out of complementary research regarding the existing ones. Experimental approach. The present study aims to characterize the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the dye obtained from dehydrated endocarp of the genipap (Genipa americana) fruit, as well as perform the relevant stability and cytotoxicity tests. The chemical characterization was performed by HPLC-MS/MS analyses. The stability studies were carried out by spectrophotometry and cytotoxicity assays using cell culture and fluorometric methods. Results and conclusions. After dehydration and milling of the fruit endocarp, water was added to the obtained powder (in the ratio 4:1) to extract the dye. Five compounds were elucidated using HPLC-MS/MS and confirmed the presence of the geniposide as its main compound. With the X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analysis, we characterised the obtained powder as being amorphous and of porous structure with a variable size. The thermogravimetric analysis indicated a maximum loss of 61% mass after exposure to a temperature range from 240 to 760 °C. The obtained blue dye was stable in the absence of light, at room temperature and had neutral pH. In the cytotoxicity assay, (95.0±1.3) % of viable human fibroblasts were observed after exposure to this dye. The genipap fruit can be a viable alternative to produce a natural blue dye, since it is easy to obtain and has very low toxicity in food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic products. Novelty and scientific contribution. This study demonstrates for the first time the physicochemical and biological properties of a natural blue dye from G. americana fruit.https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/373424Genipa americanagenipap fruitnatural dyegeniposide |
| spellingShingle | Camila Verly de Miranda Sabino Bárbara Janaína Paula da Silva Danielle Lima Bezerra de Menezes Felipe Moura Araújo da Silva Tatiane Pereira de-Souza Hector Henrique Ferreira Koolen Ádley Antonini Neves de Lima Emerson Silva Lima Physicochemical Characterization, Stability and Cytotoxicity of a Blue Dye Obtained from Genipap Fruit (Genipa americana L.) Food Technology and Biotechnology Genipa americana genipap fruit natural dye geniposide |
| title | Physicochemical Characterization, Stability and Cytotoxicity of a Blue Dye Obtained from Genipap Fruit (Genipa americana L.) |
| title_full | Physicochemical Characterization, Stability and Cytotoxicity of a Blue Dye Obtained from Genipap Fruit (Genipa americana L.) |
| title_fullStr | Physicochemical Characterization, Stability and Cytotoxicity of a Blue Dye Obtained from Genipap Fruit (Genipa americana L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physicochemical Characterization, Stability and Cytotoxicity of a Blue Dye Obtained from Genipap Fruit (Genipa americana L.) |
| title_short | Physicochemical Characterization, Stability and Cytotoxicity of a Blue Dye Obtained from Genipap Fruit (Genipa americana L.) |
| title_sort | physicochemical characterization stability and cytotoxicity of a blue dye obtained from genipap fruit genipa americana l |
| topic | Genipa americana genipap fruit natural dye geniposide |
| url | https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/373424 |
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