Phenol Removal from Wastewater Using Tyrosinase Enzyme Immobilized in Granular Activated Carbon and Activated Chitosan Beads
Tyrosinase enzyme in a crude extract was immobilized in granular activated carbon (GAC) and activated chitosan beads (ACBs), two low-cost supports. It was possible to immobilize up to 70% of the enzymes in GAC under the conditions of 20 g/L support, stirring of 15.7 rad/s, contact time of 120 min, a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/21/3778 |
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| author | Ana Carina Cruz de Mello Felipe Pereira da Silva Everton Gripa Andrea Medeiros Salgado Fabiana Valéria da Fonseca |
| author_facet | Ana Carina Cruz de Mello Felipe Pereira da Silva Everton Gripa Andrea Medeiros Salgado Fabiana Valéria da Fonseca |
| author_sort | Ana Carina Cruz de Mello |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tyrosinase enzyme in a crude extract was immobilized in granular activated carbon (GAC) and activated chitosan beads (ACBs), two low-cost supports. It was possible to immobilize up to 70% of the enzymes in GAC under the conditions of 20 g/L support, stirring of 15.7 rad/s, contact time of 120 min, and up to 100% of enzymes in ACBs under the same conditions. In enzymatic oxidation tests, tyrosinase immobilized in GAC (T-GAC) was able to achieve a final phenol concentration below the limit required by the Brazilian legislation (0.5 mg/L) for solutions with initial concentrations of 10 mg/L, while the enzyme immobilized in ACBs (T-ACBs) was able to conform solutions with initial concentrations of phenol of 40 mg/L. It was possible to reuse the T-GAC two times, maintaining the same phenol removal efficiency, while the T-ACBs maintained up to 98% of its efficiency after five cycles of enzymatic oxidation of solutions of 10 mg/L phenol. It was possible to achieve the same phenol removal efficiency, with immobilized enzymes stored for up to 2 weeks. Such results suggest that both materials are effective for phenol removal from water samples, especially T-ACBs, representing promising alternatives for mitigating the effects of this compound in industrial wastewater. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:18:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a84a45ba381b42278b115496ca225fae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:18:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-a84a45ba381b42278b115496ca225fae2023-11-10T15:15:18ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-10-011521377810.3390/w15213778Phenol Removal from Wastewater Using Tyrosinase Enzyme Immobilized in Granular Activated Carbon and Activated Chitosan BeadsAna Carina Cruz de Mello0Felipe Pereira da Silva1Everton Gripa2Andrea Medeiros Salgado3Fabiana Valéria da Fonseca4Biochemical Engineering Department, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Bl. E, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, BrazilBiochemical Engineering Department, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Bl. E, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, BrazilInorganic Processes Department, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Bl. E, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, BrazilBiochemical Engineering Department, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Bl. E, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, BrazilInorganic Processes Department, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Bl. E, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, BrazilTyrosinase enzyme in a crude extract was immobilized in granular activated carbon (GAC) and activated chitosan beads (ACBs), two low-cost supports. It was possible to immobilize up to 70% of the enzymes in GAC under the conditions of 20 g/L support, stirring of 15.7 rad/s, contact time of 120 min, and up to 100% of enzymes in ACBs under the same conditions. In enzymatic oxidation tests, tyrosinase immobilized in GAC (T-GAC) was able to achieve a final phenol concentration below the limit required by the Brazilian legislation (0.5 mg/L) for solutions with initial concentrations of 10 mg/L, while the enzyme immobilized in ACBs (T-ACBs) was able to conform solutions with initial concentrations of phenol of 40 mg/L. It was possible to reuse the T-GAC two times, maintaining the same phenol removal efficiency, while the T-ACBs maintained up to 98% of its efficiency after five cycles of enzymatic oxidation of solutions of 10 mg/L phenol. It was possible to achieve the same phenol removal efficiency, with immobilized enzymes stored for up to 2 weeks. Such results suggest that both materials are effective for phenol removal from water samples, especially T-ACBs, representing promising alternatives for mitigating the effects of this compound in industrial wastewater.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/21/3778wastewater treatmentenzyme oxidationtyrosinaseenzyme immobilizationmaterials reuseenvironmental pollution |
| spellingShingle | Ana Carina Cruz de Mello Felipe Pereira da Silva Everton Gripa Andrea Medeiros Salgado Fabiana Valéria da Fonseca Phenol Removal from Wastewater Using Tyrosinase Enzyme Immobilized in Granular Activated Carbon and Activated Chitosan Beads Water wastewater treatment enzyme oxidation tyrosinase enzyme immobilization materials reuse environmental pollution |
| title | Phenol Removal from Wastewater Using Tyrosinase Enzyme Immobilized in Granular Activated Carbon and Activated Chitosan Beads |
| title_full | Phenol Removal from Wastewater Using Tyrosinase Enzyme Immobilized in Granular Activated Carbon and Activated Chitosan Beads |
| title_fullStr | Phenol Removal from Wastewater Using Tyrosinase Enzyme Immobilized in Granular Activated Carbon and Activated Chitosan Beads |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenol Removal from Wastewater Using Tyrosinase Enzyme Immobilized in Granular Activated Carbon and Activated Chitosan Beads |
| title_short | Phenol Removal from Wastewater Using Tyrosinase Enzyme Immobilized in Granular Activated Carbon and Activated Chitosan Beads |
| title_sort | phenol removal from wastewater using tyrosinase enzyme immobilized in granular activated carbon and activated chitosan beads |
| topic | wastewater treatment enzyme oxidation tyrosinase enzyme immobilization materials reuse environmental pollution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/21/3778 |
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