Three-Dimensional Force Measurements During Rapid Palatal Expansion in Sus scrofa
Rapid palatal expansion is an orthodontic procedure widely used to correct the maxillary arch. However, its outcome is significantly influenced by factors that show a high degree of variability amongst patients. The traditional treatment methodology is based on an intuitive and heuristic treatment a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2016-04-01
|
| Series: | Micromachines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/7/4/64 |
| _version_ | 1818498511453290496 |
|---|---|
| author | Kelly Goeckner Venkatram Pepakayala Jeanne Nervina Yogesh Gianchandani Sunil Kapila |
| author_facet | Kelly Goeckner Venkatram Pepakayala Jeanne Nervina Yogesh Gianchandani Sunil Kapila |
| author_sort | Kelly Goeckner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rapid palatal expansion is an orthodontic procedure widely used to correct the maxillary arch. However, its outcome is significantly influenced by factors that show a high degree of variability amongst patients. The traditional treatment methodology is based on an intuitive and heuristic treatment approach because the forces applied in the three dimensions are indeterminate. To enable optimal and individualized treatment, it is essential to measure the three-dimensional (3D) forces and displacements created by the expander. This paper proposes a method for performing these 3D measurements using a single embedded strain sensor, combining experimental measurements of strain in the palatal expander with 3D finite element analysis (FEA). The method is demonstrated using the maxillary jaw from a freshly euthanized pig (Sus scrofa) and a hyrax-design rapid palatal expander (RPE) appliance with integrated strain gage. The strain gage measurements are recorded using a computer interface, following which the expansion forces and extent of expansion are estimated by FEA. A total activation of 2.0 mm results in peak total force of about 100 N—almost entirely along the direction of expansion. The results also indicate that more than 85% of the input activation is immediately transferred to the palate and/or teeth. These studies demonstrate a method for assessing and individualizing expansion magnitudes and forces during orthopedic expansion of the maxilla. This provides the basis for further development of smart orthodontic appliances that provide real-time readouts of forces and movements, which will allow personalized, optimal treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T20:16:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a84de1f80517407b9bc5d62d76c9adb2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T20:16:38Z |
| publishDate | 2016-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-a84de1f80517407b9bc5d62d76c9adb22022-12-22T01:35:11ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2016-04-01746410.3390/mi7040064mi7040064Three-Dimensional Force Measurements During Rapid Palatal Expansion in Sus scrofaKelly Goeckner0Venkatram Pepakayala1Jeanne Nervina2Yogesh Gianchandani3Sunil Kapila4Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USACenter for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USADepartment of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USACenter for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USADepartment of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USARapid palatal expansion is an orthodontic procedure widely used to correct the maxillary arch. However, its outcome is significantly influenced by factors that show a high degree of variability amongst patients. The traditional treatment methodology is based on an intuitive and heuristic treatment approach because the forces applied in the three dimensions are indeterminate. To enable optimal and individualized treatment, it is essential to measure the three-dimensional (3D) forces and displacements created by the expander. This paper proposes a method for performing these 3D measurements using a single embedded strain sensor, combining experimental measurements of strain in the palatal expander with 3D finite element analysis (FEA). The method is demonstrated using the maxillary jaw from a freshly euthanized pig (Sus scrofa) and a hyrax-design rapid palatal expander (RPE) appliance with integrated strain gage. The strain gage measurements are recorded using a computer interface, following which the expansion forces and extent of expansion are estimated by FEA. A total activation of 2.0 mm results in peak total force of about 100 N—almost entirely along the direction of expansion. The results also indicate that more than 85% of the input activation is immediately transferred to the palate and/or teeth. These studies demonstrate a method for assessing and individualizing expansion magnitudes and forces during orthopedic expansion of the maxilla. This provides the basis for further development of smart orthodontic appliances that provide real-time readouts of forces and movements, which will allow personalized, optimal treatment.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/7/4/64dentalforce measurementmaxillary expansionstrain sensing |
| spellingShingle | Kelly Goeckner Venkatram Pepakayala Jeanne Nervina Yogesh Gianchandani Sunil Kapila Three-Dimensional Force Measurements During Rapid Palatal Expansion in Sus scrofa Micromachines dental force measurement maxillary expansion strain sensing |
| title | Three-Dimensional Force Measurements During Rapid Palatal Expansion in Sus scrofa |
| title_full | Three-Dimensional Force Measurements During Rapid Palatal Expansion in Sus scrofa |
| title_fullStr | Three-Dimensional Force Measurements During Rapid Palatal Expansion in Sus scrofa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three-Dimensional Force Measurements During Rapid Palatal Expansion in Sus scrofa |
| title_short | Three-Dimensional Force Measurements During Rapid Palatal Expansion in Sus scrofa |
| title_sort | three dimensional force measurements during rapid palatal expansion in sus scrofa |
| topic | dental force measurement maxillary expansion strain sensing |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/7/4/64 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kellygoeckner threedimensionalforcemeasurementsduringrapidpalatalexpansioninsusscrofa AT venkatrampepakayala threedimensionalforcemeasurementsduringrapidpalatalexpansioninsusscrofa AT jeannenervina threedimensionalforcemeasurementsduringrapidpalatalexpansioninsusscrofa AT yogeshgianchandani threedimensionalforcemeasurementsduringrapidpalatalexpansioninsusscrofa AT sunilkapila threedimensionalforcemeasurementsduringrapidpalatalexpansioninsusscrofa |