Early Motor Milestones in Infancy and Later Motor Impairments: A Population-Based Data Linkage Study
BackgroundDevelopmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with high prevalence. Early motor milestones are important markers to identify DCD. The current study aims to evaluate the association between the onset of crawling and independent walking and their transition patt...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.809181/full |
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| author | Jing Hua Gareth J. Williams Hua Jin Juan Chen Manyun Xu Yingchun Zhou Guixiong Gu Wenchong Du |
| author_facet | Jing Hua Gareth J. Williams Hua Jin Juan Chen Manyun Xu Yingchun Zhou Guixiong Gu Wenchong Du |
| author_sort | Jing Hua |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundDevelopmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with high prevalence. Early motor milestones are important markers to identify DCD. The current study aims to evaluate the association between the onset of crawling and independent walking and their transition pattern during infancy and later motor impairments.MethodsA total of 8,395 children aged 3–6 years old in China were included in the final analysis. A parent questionnaire was used to collect early milestone onset data. Children's motor performance was measured using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd edition (MABC-2). The association between motor milestones and motor impairment was analyzed using a multilevel regression model.ResultsThe result showed that a 1-month delay in crawling onset increased the risk of significant overall motor impairment by 5.3, and 14.0% when adjusting for child and family characteristics. A 1-month delay in walking onset increased the risk of significant overall motor, fine, gross, and balance impairment by 21.7, 8.3, 13.3, and 17.8%. A 1 month increase in the transition time from crawling to independent walking increased the risk of significant overall motor and gross motor impairment by 7.7 and 6.6%. These results were inconsistent across different age bands (each p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur study indicates that even a mild delay in crawling and walking onsets in infancy increase the risk for subsequent motor impairments in childhood, and children with motor impairments revealed a different transition pattern from crawling to walking. The motor abilities of children with motor impairments can be observed to diverge from typically developing children as early as 6–8 months old. The findings can facilitate the early identification of motor impairments in children, and provide early signs to initiate intervention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T15:05:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a859a156521049c7bd9b5df52c2919eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T15:05:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-a859a156521049c7bd9b5df52c2919eb2022-12-21T19:36:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402022-01-011310.3389/fpsyt.2022.809181809181Early Motor Milestones in Infancy and Later Motor Impairments: A Population-Based Data Linkage StudyJing Hua0Gareth J. Williams1Hua Jin2Juan Chen3Manyun Xu4Yingchun Zhou5Guixiong Gu6Wenchong Du7Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaSchool of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United KingdomHealth Care Department of Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, ChinaKLATASDS-MOE, School of Statistics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaKLATASDS-MOE, School of Statistics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaKLATASDS-MOE, School of Statistics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaPediatrics Research Institution of Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaNTU Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United KingdomBackgroundDevelopmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with high prevalence. Early motor milestones are important markers to identify DCD. The current study aims to evaluate the association between the onset of crawling and independent walking and their transition pattern during infancy and later motor impairments.MethodsA total of 8,395 children aged 3–6 years old in China were included in the final analysis. A parent questionnaire was used to collect early milestone onset data. Children's motor performance was measured using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd edition (MABC-2). The association between motor milestones and motor impairment was analyzed using a multilevel regression model.ResultsThe result showed that a 1-month delay in crawling onset increased the risk of significant overall motor impairment by 5.3, and 14.0% when adjusting for child and family characteristics. A 1-month delay in walking onset increased the risk of significant overall motor, fine, gross, and balance impairment by 21.7, 8.3, 13.3, and 17.8%. A 1 month increase in the transition time from crawling to independent walking increased the risk of significant overall motor and gross motor impairment by 7.7 and 6.6%. These results were inconsistent across different age bands (each p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur study indicates that even a mild delay in crawling and walking onsets in infancy increase the risk for subsequent motor impairments in childhood, and children with motor impairments revealed a different transition pattern from crawling to walking. The motor abilities of children with motor impairments can be observed to diverge from typically developing children as early as 6–8 months old. The findings can facilitate the early identification of motor impairments in children, and provide early signs to initiate intervention.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.809181/fullmotor impairmentdevelopmental coordination disorder (DCD)crawlingindependent walkingearly motor milestone |
| spellingShingle | Jing Hua Gareth J. Williams Hua Jin Juan Chen Manyun Xu Yingchun Zhou Guixiong Gu Wenchong Du Early Motor Milestones in Infancy and Later Motor Impairments: A Population-Based Data Linkage Study Frontiers in Psychiatry motor impairment developmental coordination disorder (DCD) crawling independent walking early motor milestone |
| title | Early Motor Milestones in Infancy and Later Motor Impairments: A Population-Based Data Linkage Study |
| title_full | Early Motor Milestones in Infancy and Later Motor Impairments: A Population-Based Data Linkage Study |
| title_fullStr | Early Motor Milestones in Infancy and Later Motor Impairments: A Population-Based Data Linkage Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early Motor Milestones in Infancy and Later Motor Impairments: A Population-Based Data Linkage Study |
| title_short | Early Motor Milestones in Infancy and Later Motor Impairments: A Population-Based Data Linkage Study |
| title_sort | early motor milestones in infancy and later motor impairments a population based data linkage study |
| topic | motor impairment developmental coordination disorder (DCD) crawling independent walking early motor milestone |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.809181/full |
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