TIMELESS Promotes Tumor Progression by Enhancing Macrophages Recruitment in Ovarian Cancer
ObjectiveOvarian cancer (OV) is the most fatal and frequent type of gynecological malignancy worldwide. TIMELESS (TIM), as a circadian clock gene, has been found to be highly expressed and predictive of poor prognosis in various cancers. However, the function of TIM in OV is not known. This study wa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.732058/full |
| _version_ | 1819137532504309760 |
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| author | Xin Xing Fei Gu Lanyu Hua Xiaoxiao Cui Dongxue Li Zhiyong Wu Rong Zhang Rong Zhang |
| author_facet | Xin Xing Fei Gu Lanyu Hua Xiaoxiao Cui Dongxue Li Zhiyong Wu Rong Zhang Rong Zhang |
| author_sort | Xin Xing |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveOvarian cancer (OV) is the most fatal and frequent type of gynecological malignancy worldwide. TIMELESS (TIM), as a circadian clock gene, has been found to be highly expressed and predictive of poor prognosis in various cancers. However, the function of TIM in OV is not known. This study was designed to investigate the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of TIM during OV progression.MethodsCell viability assay, cell migration assay, immunohistochemistry staining, qPCR analyses, and tumor xenograft model were used to identify the functions of TIM in OV. Bioinformatics analyses, including GEPIA, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, and TIMER, were used to analyze the gene expression, genetic alteration, and immune cell infiltration of TIM in OV.ResultsTIM is highly expressed in OV patients. TIM knockdown inhibited OV cell proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Genetic alteration of TIM was identified in patients with OV. TIM co-expression network indicates that TIM had a wide effect on the immune cell infiltration and activation in OV. Further analysis and experimental verification revealed that TIM was positively correlated with macrophages infiltration in OV.ConclusionsOur study unveiled a novel function of highly expressed TIM associated with immune cell especially macrophages infiltration in OV. TIM may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and immunotherapy target for OV patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T10:52:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a864324e6b7f4f90997a8224ff75fb18 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T10:52:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a864324e6b7f4f90997a8224ff75fb182022-12-21T18:28:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2021-08-011110.3389/fonc.2021.732058732058TIMELESS Promotes Tumor Progression by Enhancing Macrophages Recruitment in Ovarian CancerXin Xing0Fei Gu1Lanyu Hua2Xiaoxiao Cui3Dongxue Li4Zhiyong Wu5Rong Zhang6Rong Zhang7Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital Affiliated to the Southern Medical University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital Affiliated to the Southern Medical University, Shanghai, ChinaThe Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital Affiliated to the Southern Medical University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, ChinaGynecology Department, Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital Affiliated to the Southern Medical University, Shanghai, ChinaThe Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaObjectiveOvarian cancer (OV) is the most fatal and frequent type of gynecological malignancy worldwide. TIMELESS (TIM), as a circadian clock gene, has been found to be highly expressed and predictive of poor prognosis in various cancers. However, the function of TIM in OV is not known. This study was designed to investigate the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of TIM during OV progression.MethodsCell viability assay, cell migration assay, immunohistochemistry staining, qPCR analyses, and tumor xenograft model were used to identify the functions of TIM in OV. Bioinformatics analyses, including GEPIA, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, and TIMER, were used to analyze the gene expression, genetic alteration, and immune cell infiltration of TIM in OV.ResultsTIM is highly expressed in OV patients. TIM knockdown inhibited OV cell proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Genetic alteration of TIM was identified in patients with OV. TIM co-expression network indicates that TIM had a wide effect on the immune cell infiltration and activation in OV. Further analysis and experimental verification revealed that TIM was positively correlated with macrophages infiltration in OV.ConclusionsOur study unveiled a novel function of highly expressed TIM associated with immune cell especially macrophages infiltration in OV. TIM may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and immunotherapy target for OV patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.732058/fullovarian cancermacrophageschemokinesbioinformatic analysisTIM |
| spellingShingle | Xin Xing Fei Gu Lanyu Hua Xiaoxiao Cui Dongxue Li Zhiyong Wu Rong Zhang Rong Zhang TIMELESS Promotes Tumor Progression by Enhancing Macrophages Recruitment in Ovarian Cancer Frontiers in Oncology ovarian cancer macrophages chemokines bioinformatic analysis TIM |
| title | TIMELESS Promotes Tumor Progression by Enhancing Macrophages Recruitment in Ovarian Cancer |
| title_full | TIMELESS Promotes Tumor Progression by Enhancing Macrophages Recruitment in Ovarian Cancer |
| title_fullStr | TIMELESS Promotes Tumor Progression by Enhancing Macrophages Recruitment in Ovarian Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | TIMELESS Promotes Tumor Progression by Enhancing Macrophages Recruitment in Ovarian Cancer |
| title_short | TIMELESS Promotes Tumor Progression by Enhancing Macrophages Recruitment in Ovarian Cancer |
| title_sort | timeless promotes tumor progression by enhancing macrophages recruitment in ovarian cancer |
| topic | ovarian cancer macrophages chemokines bioinformatic analysis TIM |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.732058/full |
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