Hypoalbuminemia as Surrogate and Culprit of Infections
Hypoalbuminemia is associated with the acquisition and severity of infectious diseases, and intact innate and adaptive immune responses depend on albumin. Albumin oxidation and breakdown affect interactions with bioactive lipid mediators that play important roles in antimicrobial defense and repair....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4496 |
| _version_ | 1797536331458412544 |
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| author | Christian J. Wiedermann |
| author_facet | Christian J. Wiedermann |
| author_sort | Christian J. Wiedermann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hypoalbuminemia is associated with the acquisition and severity of infectious diseases, and intact innate and adaptive immune responses depend on albumin. Albumin oxidation and breakdown affect interactions with bioactive lipid mediators that play important roles in antimicrobial defense and repair. There is bio-mechanistic plausibility for a causal link between hypoalbuminemia and increased risks of primary and secondary infections. Serum albumin levels have prognostic value for complications in viral, bacterial and fungal infections, and for infectious complications of non-infective chronic conditions. Hypoalbuminemia predicts the development of healthcare-associated infections, particularly with <i>Clostridium difficile</i>. In coronavirus disease 2019, hypoalbuminemia correlates with viral load and degree of acute lung injury and organ dysfunction. Non-oncotic properties of albumin affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimicrobials. Low serum albumin is associated with inadequate antimicrobial treatment. Infusion of human albumin solution (HAS) supplements endogenous albumin in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and effectively supported antimicrobial therapy in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Evidence of the beneficial effects of HAS on infections in hypoalbuminemic patients without cirrhosis is largely observational. Prospective RCTs are underway and, if hypotheses are confirmed, could lead to changes in clinical practice for the management of hypoalbuminemic patients with infections or at risk of infectious complications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:58:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a86954b50e7d476a96a861ed7dfea063 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:58:12Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a86954b50e7d476a96a861ed7dfea0632023-11-21T17:10:05ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-04-01229449610.3390/ijms22094496Hypoalbuminemia as Surrogate and Culprit of InfectionsChristian J. Wiedermann0Institute of General Practice, Claudiana–College of Health Professions, 39100 Bolzano, ItalyHypoalbuminemia is associated with the acquisition and severity of infectious diseases, and intact innate and adaptive immune responses depend on albumin. Albumin oxidation and breakdown affect interactions with bioactive lipid mediators that play important roles in antimicrobial defense and repair. There is bio-mechanistic plausibility for a causal link between hypoalbuminemia and increased risks of primary and secondary infections. Serum albumin levels have prognostic value for complications in viral, bacterial and fungal infections, and for infectious complications of non-infective chronic conditions. Hypoalbuminemia predicts the development of healthcare-associated infections, particularly with <i>Clostridium difficile</i>. In coronavirus disease 2019, hypoalbuminemia correlates with viral load and degree of acute lung injury and organ dysfunction. Non-oncotic properties of albumin affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimicrobials. Low serum albumin is associated with inadequate antimicrobial treatment. Infusion of human albumin solution (HAS) supplements endogenous albumin in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and effectively supported antimicrobial therapy in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Evidence of the beneficial effects of HAS on infections in hypoalbuminemic patients without cirrhosis is largely observational. Prospective RCTs are underway and, if hypotheses are confirmed, could lead to changes in clinical practice for the management of hypoalbuminemic patients with infections or at risk of infectious complications.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4496albumins/pharmacologyhypoalbuminemiainfectionsinnate immunitybioactive lipid mediatorscommunity-acquired pneumonia |
| spellingShingle | Christian J. Wiedermann Hypoalbuminemia as Surrogate and Culprit of Infections International Journal of Molecular Sciences albumins/pharmacology hypoalbuminemia infections innate immunity bioactive lipid mediators community-acquired pneumonia |
| title | Hypoalbuminemia as Surrogate and Culprit of Infections |
| title_full | Hypoalbuminemia as Surrogate and Culprit of Infections |
| title_fullStr | Hypoalbuminemia as Surrogate and Culprit of Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hypoalbuminemia as Surrogate and Culprit of Infections |
| title_short | Hypoalbuminemia as Surrogate and Culprit of Infections |
| title_sort | hypoalbuminemia as surrogate and culprit of infections |
| topic | albumins/pharmacology hypoalbuminemia infections innate immunity bioactive lipid mediators community-acquired pneumonia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4496 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT christianjwiedermann hypoalbuminemiaassurrogateandculpritofinfections |