Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 9595 Mongolian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study
Population-based data relating to vitamin D status of children in Northeast Asia are lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in 9595 schoolchildren aged 6–13 years in Ulaanbaatar (UB), the capital city of Mongolia. Risk facto...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-11-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/4175 |
| _version_ | 1797508886363635712 |
|---|---|
| author | Jorick Bater Sabri Bromage Tuyatsetseg Jambal Enkhjargal Tsendjav Enkhsaikhan Lkhagvasuren Yanjmaa Jutmann Adrian R. Martineau Davaasambuu Ganmaa |
| author_facet | Jorick Bater Sabri Bromage Tuyatsetseg Jambal Enkhjargal Tsendjav Enkhsaikhan Lkhagvasuren Yanjmaa Jutmann Adrian R. Martineau Davaasambuu Ganmaa |
| author_sort | Jorick Bater |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Population-based data relating to vitamin D status of children in Northeast Asia are lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in 9595 schoolchildren aged 6–13 years in Ulaanbaatar (UB), the capital city of Mongolia. Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency were collected by questionnaire, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay, standardized and categorized as deficient (25[OH]D <10 ng/mL) or not. Odds ratios for associations between independent variables and risk of vitamin D deficiency were calculated using multivariate analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. The prevalence of vitamins D deficiency was 40.6% (95% CI 39.7% to 41.6%). It was independently associated with female gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for girls vs. boys 1.23, 95% CI 1.11–1.35), month of sampling (aORs for December–February vs. June–November 5.28 [4.53–6.15], March–May vs. June–November 14.85 [12.46–17.74]), lower levels of parental education (P for trend <0.001), lower frequency of egg consumption (P for trend <0.001), active tuberculosis (aOR 1.40 [1.03–1.94]), household smoking (aOR 1.13 [1.02 to1.25]), and shorter time outdoors (P for trend <0.001). We report a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Mongolian schoolchildren, which requires addressing as a public health priority. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:11:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a86a0e84d5444f65b4170f2867c7ca20 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:11:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-a86a0e84d5444f65b4170f2867c7ca202023-11-23T00:51:48ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-11-011311417510.3390/nu13114175Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 9595 Mongolian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional StudyJorick Bater0Sabri Bromage1Tuyatsetseg Jambal2Enkhjargal Tsendjav3Enkhsaikhan Lkhagvasuren4Yanjmaa Jutmann5Adrian R. Martineau6Davaasambuu Ganmaa7Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USADepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USAT School of Industrial Technology, Mongolian University of Science & Technology, Ulaanbaatar 14210, MongoliaThe Mongolian Health Initiative, Ulaanbaatar 14210, MongoliaMinistry of Health, Ulaanbaatar 14210, MongoliaDepartment of Math and Statistics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlootte, NC 28223, USABlizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UKDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USAPopulation-based data relating to vitamin D status of children in Northeast Asia are lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in 9595 schoolchildren aged 6–13 years in Ulaanbaatar (UB), the capital city of Mongolia. Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency were collected by questionnaire, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay, standardized and categorized as deficient (25[OH]D <10 ng/mL) or not. Odds ratios for associations between independent variables and risk of vitamin D deficiency were calculated using multivariate analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. The prevalence of vitamins D deficiency was 40.6% (95% CI 39.7% to 41.6%). It was independently associated with female gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for girls vs. boys 1.23, 95% CI 1.11–1.35), month of sampling (aORs for December–February vs. June–November 5.28 [4.53–6.15], March–May vs. June–November 14.85 [12.46–17.74]), lower levels of parental education (P for trend <0.001), lower frequency of egg consumption (P for trend <0.001), active tuberculosis (aOR 1.40 [1.03–1.94]), household smoking (aOR 1.13 [1.02 to1.25]), and shorter time outdoors (P for trend <0.001). We report a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Mongolian schoolchildren, which requires addressing as a public health priority.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/4175Mongoliaschoolchildrenvitamin Ddeterminantsserum 25(OH)Dfortification |
| spellingShingle | Jorick Bater Sabri Bromage Tuyatsetseg Jambal Enkhjargal Tsendjav Enkhsaikhan Lkhagvasuren Yanjmaa Jutmann Adrian R. Martineau Davaasambuu Ganmaa Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 9595 Mongolian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study Nutrients Mongolia schoolchildren vitamin D determinants serum 25(OH)D fortification |
| title | Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 9595 Mongolian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full | Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 9595 Mongolian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 9595 Mongolian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 9595 Mongolian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_short | Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 9595 Mongolian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_sort | prevalence and determinants of vitamin d deficiency in 9595 mongolian schoolchildren a cross sectional study |
| topic | Mongolia schoolchildren vitamin D determinants serum 25(OH)D fortification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/4175 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jorickbater prevalenceanddeterminantsofvitaminddeficiencyin9595mongolianschoolchildrenacrosssectionalstudy AT sabribromage prevalenceanddeterminantsofvitaminddeficiencyin9595mongolianschoolchildrenacrosssectionalstudy AT tuyatsetsegjambal prevalenceanddeterminantsofvitaminddeficiencyin9595mongolianschoolchildrenacrosssectionalstudy AT enkhjargaltsendjav prevalenceanddeterminantsofvitaminddeficiencyin9595mongolianschoolchildrenacrosssectionalstudy AT enkhsaikhanlkhagvasuren prevalenceanddeterminantsofvitaminddeficiencyin9595mongolianschoolchildrenacrosssectionalstudy AT yanjmaajutmann prevalenceanddeterminantsofvitaminddeficiencyin9595mongolianschoolchildrenacrosssectionalstudy AT adrianrmartineau prevalenceanddeterminantsofvitaminddeficiencyin9595mongolianschoolchildrenacrosssectionalstudy AT davaasambuuganmaa prevalenceanddeterminantsofvitaminddeficiencyin9595mongolianschoolchildrenacrosssectionalstudy |