Phase Nanoscopy with Correlated Frequency Combs
This study addresses any sensor based on measuring a physical quantity through the phase of a probing beam. This includes sensing of rotation, acceleration, index change, displacement, fields… While most phase measurements are made by detecting an amplitude change in interfering beams, we detect ins...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/301 |
| _version_ | 1797431231635259392 |
|---|---|
| author | Xiaobing Zhu Matthias Lenzner Jean-Claude Diels |
| author_facet | Xiaobing Zhu Matthias Lenzner Jean-Claude Diels |
| author_sort | Xiaobing Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study addresses any sensor based on measuring a physical quantity through the phase of a probing beam. This includes sensing of rotation, acceleration, index change, displacement, fields… While most phase measurements are made by detecting an amplitude change in interfering beams, we detect instead a phase change through a relative frequency shift of two correlated frequency combs. This paper explores the limit sensitivity that this method can achieve, when the combs are generated in an Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO), pumped synchronously by a train of femtosecond pulses separated by half the OPO cavity round-trip time. It is shown that a phase difference as small as 0.4 nanoradians can be resolved between the two pulses circulating in the cavity. This phase difference is one order of magnitude better than the previous record. The root-mean-square deviation of the measured phase over measuring time is close to the standard quantum limit (phase-photon number uncertainty product of 0.66). Innovations that made such improved performances possible include a more stable OPO cavity design; a stabilization system with a novel purely electronic locking of the OPO cavity length relative to that of the pump laser; a shorter pump laser cavity; and a square pulse generator for driving a 0.5 mm pathlength lithium niobate phase modulator. Future data acquisition improvements are suggested that will bring the phase sensitivity exactly to the standard quantum limit, and beyond the quantum limit by squeezing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:40:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a8792b49ee174e96b578d43ed8b871bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:40:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-a8792b49ee174e96b578d43ed8b871bc2023-12-02T00:55:21ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-12-0123130110.3390/s23010301Phase Nanoscopy with Correlated Frequency CombsXiaobing Zhu0Matthias Lenzner1Jean-Claude Diels2School of Optical Science and Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USALenzner Research, 125 E Canyon View Dr, Tucson, AZ 85704, USASchool of Optical Science and Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USAThis study addresses any sensor based on measuring a physical quantity through the phase of a probing beam. This includes sensing of rotation, acceleration, index change, displacement, fields… While most phase measurements are made by detecting an amplitude change in interfering beams, we detect instead a phase change through a relative frequency shift of two correlated frequency combs. This paper explores the limit sensitivity that this method can achieve, when the combs are generated in an Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO), pumped synchronously by a train of femtosecond pulses separated by half the OPO cavity round-trip time. It is shown that a phase difference as small as 0.4 nanoradians can be resolved between the two pulses circulating in the cavity. This phase difference is one order of magnitude better than the previous record. The root-mean-square deviation of the measured phase over measuring time is close to the standard quantum limit (phase-photon number uncertainty product of 0.66). Innovations that made such improved performances possible include a more stable OPO cavity design; a stabilization system with a novel purely electronic locking of the OPO cavity length relative to that of the pump laser; a shorter pump laser cavity; and a square pulse generator for driving a 0.5 mm pathlength lithium niobate phase modulator. Future data acquisition improvements are suggested that will bring the phase sensitivity exactly to the standard quantum limit, and beyond the quantum limit by squeezing.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/301intracavity phase interferometrylaser sensorsprecision sensinginertial sensorsgyroscopesultrafast |
| spellingShingle | Xiaobing Zhu Matthias Lenzner Jean-Claude Diels Phase Nanoscopy with Correlated Frequency Combs Sensors intracavity phase interferometry laser sensors precision sensing inertial sensors gyroscopes ultrafast |
| title | Phase Nanoscopy with Correlated Frequency Combs |
| title_full | Phase Nanoscopy with Correlated Frequency Combs |
| title_fullStr | Phase Nanoscopy with Correlated Frequency Combs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phase Nanoscopy with Correlated Frequency Combs |
| title_short | Phase Nanoscopy with Correlated Frequency Combs |
| title_sort | phase nanoscopy with correlated frequency combs |
| topic | intracavity phase interferometry laser sensors precision sensing inertial sensors gyroscopes ultrafast |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/301 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiaobingzhu phasenanoscopywithcorrelatedfrequencycombs AT matthiaslenzner phasenanoscopywithcorrelatedfrequencycombs AT jeanclaudediels phasenanoscopywithcorrelatedfrequencycombs |