Improvement in yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) through crop spacing, mulching and irrigation levels in arid regions
The field experiments were conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2018–19 and 2019–20 at College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan to study the effect of crop spacing, mulching and irrigation levels on yield and quality of okra [Abelmosch...
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Indian Council of Agricultural Research
2024-03-01
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| 丛编: | The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences |
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| 在线阅读: | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/142770 |
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| author | ATMA RAM MEENA RAJEEV KUMAR NAROLIA PRAMOD KUMAR YADAV KUMARI LATA SIYARAM MEENA |
| author_facet | ATMA RAM MEENA RAJEEV KUMAR NAROLIA PRAMOD KUMAR YADAV KUMARI LATA SIYARAM MEENA |
| author_sort | ATMA RAM MEENA |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
The field experiments were conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2018–19 and 2019–20 at College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan to study the effect of crop spacing, mulching and irrigation levels on yield and quality of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. Experiment was laid out in split plot design (SPD) with four irrigation levels [40, 60, 80 and 100% pan evaporation (PE)] in the main plot. Two crop geometries (normal sowing and paired row sowing) and three mulches (no mulch, straw and plastic mulch in black colour) were used in the sub-plot and sub-sub-plot, respectively. The study found that using 40% of PE for irrigation led to the shortest time to first flowering (41.72 days). However, the highest fruit yield, leaf area index (LAI), total soluble solids (TSS), protein content and cost-benefit ratio (B:C ratio) were achieved when irrigating at 100% PE followed by 80% PE. Water use efficiency (WUE) was highest (17.24 kg/ha/mm) at 40% PE irrigation level. The highest fruit yield of 153.1 g/plant and 122.4 q/ha was achieved when straw mulch was applied. Considering the combined data, it's worth mentioning that the B:C ratio was significantly greater when utilizing 100 PE irrigation without mulch. Conversely, WUE at 19.1 kg/ha/mm, showed a significant increase when employing 40% PE irrigation along with straw mulch. Therefore, the study demonstrates that utilizing paired row sowing with straw mulch and irrigation at 100% PE resulted in the highest growth attributes, fruit quality of okra and B:C ratio.
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:39:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a879335bdd3945cebbafc880fa0e51ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0019-5022 2394-3319 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:39:55Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Indian Council of Agricultural Research |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a879335bdd3945cebbafc880fa0e51ca2024-03-12T12:11:50ZengIndian Council of Agricultural ResearchThe Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences0019-50222394-33192024-03-0194310.56093/ijas.v94i3.142770Improvement in yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) through crop spacing, mulching and irrigation levels in arid regionsATMA RAM MEENA0RAJEEV KUMAR NAROLIA1PRAMOD KUMAR YADAV2KUMARI LATA3SIYARAM MEENA4ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, RajasthanCollege of Agriculture (Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan), Kotputli, RajasthanSwami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, RajasthanSwami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, RajasthanICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi The field experiments were conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2018–19 and 2019–20 at College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan to study the effect of crop spacing, mulching and irrigation levels on yield and quality of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. Experiment was laid out in split plot design (SPD) with four irrigation levels [40, 60, 80 and 100% pan evaporation (PE)] in the main plot. Two crop geometries (normal sowing and paired row sowing) and three mulches (no mulch, straw and plastic mulch in black colour) were used in the sub-plot and sub-sub-plot, respectively. The study found that using 40% of PE for irrigation led to the shortest time to first flowering (41.72 days). However, the highest fruit yield, leaf area index (LAI), total soluble solids (TSS), protein content and cost-benefit ratio (B:C ratio) were achieved when irrigating at 100% PE followed by 80% PE. Water use efficiency (WUE) was highest (17.24 kg/ha/mm) at 40% PE irrigation level. The highest fruit yield of 153.1 g/plant and 122.4 q/ha was achieved when straw mulch was applied. Considering the combined data, it's worth mentioning that the B:C ratio was significantly greater when utilizing 100 PE irrigation without mulch. Conversely, WUE at 19.1 kg/ha/mm, showed a significant increase when employing 40% PE irrigation along with straw mulch. Therefore, the study demonstrates that utilizing paired row sowing with straw mulch and irrigation at 100% PE resulted in the highest growth attributes, fruit quality of okra and B:C ratio. https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/142770Abelmoschus esculentus, Crop geometries, Drip irrigation, Water use efficiency |
| spellingShingle | ATMA RAM MEENA RAJEEV KUMAR NAROLIA PRAMOD KUMAR YADAV KUMARI LATA SIYARAM MEENA Improvement in yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) through crop spacing, mulching and irrigation levels in arid regions The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Abelmoschus esculentus, Crop geometries, Drip irrigation, Water use efficiency |
| title | Improvement in yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) through crop spacing, mulching and irrigation levels in arid regions |
| title_full | Improvement in yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) through crop spacing, mulching and irrigation levels in arid regions |
| title_fullStr | Improvement in yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) through crop spacing, mulching and irrigation levels in arid regions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improvement in yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) through crop spacing, mulching and irrigation levels in arid regions |
| title_short | Improvement in yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) through crop spacing, mulching and irrigation levels in arid regions |
| title_sort | improvement in yield and quality of okra abelmoschus esculentus through crop spacing mulching and irrigation levels in arid regions |
| topic | Abelmoschus esculentus, Crop geometries, Drip irrigation, Water use efficiency |
| url | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/142770 |
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