Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Lycium barbarum (Goji) cultivated in Greece
Context: The fruit of Lycium barbarum L. (Solanaceae), known as goji berry, has been exploited for a long time in traditional Chinese medicine. In recent decades, it has received much attention as one of the trendiest functional foods with a wide array of pharmacological activities in Western diets....
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutical Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1265987 |
| _version_ | 1818929810676645888 |
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| author | Amina Benchennouf Spyros Grigorakis Sofia Loupassaki Eugene Kokkalou |
| author_facet | Amina Benchennouf Spyros Grigorakis Sofia Loupassaki Eugene Kokkalou |
| author_sort | Amina Benchennouf |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Context: The fruit of Lycium barbarum L. (Solanaceae), known as goji berry, has been exploited for a long time in traditional Chinese medicine. In recent decades, it has received much attention as one of the trendiest functional foods with a wide array of pharmacological activities in Western diets. Objective: In this study the phenolic profile and potential antioxidant capacity of Lycium barbarum cultivated in Crete (Greece) were investigated. Materials and methods: The berries were defatted with hexane and then extracted with dichloromethane and methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus. Furthermore, the methanol extract was fractionated with ethyl acetate and butanol. All fractions/extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP, chemiluminescence). Folin–Ciocalteu and LC-DAD-MS analyses were utilized for the identification of the phenolic compounds. Results: The total phenolic content ranged from 14.13 ± 0.40 (water fraction) to 109.72 ± 4.09 (ethyl acetate fraction) mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest scavenging activities determined as EC50 (4.73 ± 0.20 mg/mL) and IC50 (0.47 ± 0.001 mg/mL) using DPPH and chemiluminescence assays. Seventeen phenolic compounds, including cinnamoylquinic acids and derivatives, hydrocinnamic acids and flavonoid derivatives, were tentatively identified. To the best of our knowledge, quercetin 3-O-hexose coumaric ester and quercetin 3-O-hexose-O-hexose-O-rhamnose are reported for the first time in goji berry fruits. Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study suggest that consumption of goji berry fruits could serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant compounds and that goji berry phenolic extracts could be exploited for nutritional pharmaceutical purposes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T03:50:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a87caf92752946cfa29b43579305aee8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1388-0209 1744-5116 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T03:50:43Z |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutical Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a87caf92752946cfa29b43579305aee82022-12-21T19:54:28ZengTaylor & Francis GroupPharmaceutical Biology1388-02091744-51162017-01-0155159660210.1080/13880209.2016.12659871265987Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Lycium barbarum (Goji) cultivated in GreeceAmina Benchennouf0Spyros Grigorakis1Sofia Loupassaki2Eugene Kokkalou3Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh)Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh)Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh)School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiContext: The fruit of Lycium barbarum L. (Solanaceae), known as goji berry, has been exploited for a long time in traditional Chinese medicine. In recent decades, it has received much attention as one of the trendiest functional foods with a wide array of pharmacological activities in Western diets. Objective: In this study the phenolic profile and potential antioxidant capacity of Lycium barbarum cultivated in Crete (Greece) were investigated. Materials and methods: The berries were defatted with hexane and then extracted with dichloromethane and methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus. Furthermore, the methanol extract was fractionated with ethyl acetate and butanol. All fractions/extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP, chemiluminescence). Folin–Ciocalteu and LC-DAD-MS analyses were utilized for the identification of the phenolic compounds. Results: The total phenolic content ranged from 14.13 ± 0.40 (water fraction) to 109.72 ± 4.09 (ethyl acetate fraction) mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest scavenging activities determined as EC50 (4.73 ± 0.20 mg/mL) and IC50 (0.47 ± 0.001 mg/mL) using DPPH and chemiluminescence assays. Seventeen phenolic compounds, including cinnamoylquinic acids and derivatives, hydrocinnamic acids and flavonoid derivatives, were tentatively identified. To the best of our knowledge, quercetin 3-O-hexose coumaric ester and quercetin 3-O-hexose-O-hexose-O-rhamnose are reported for the first time in goji berry fruits. Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study suggest that consumption of goji berry fruits could serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant compounds and that goji berry phenolic extracts could be exploited for nutritional pharmaceutical purposes.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1265987goji berrypolyphenolschemiluminescencelc-dad-ms (esi+) |
| spellingShingle | Amina Benchennouf Spyros Grigorakis Sofia Loupassaki Eugene Kokkalou Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Lycium barbarum (Goji) cultivated in Greece Pharmaceutical Biology goji berry polyphenols chemiluminescence lc-dad-ms (esi+) |
| title | Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Lycium barbarum (Goji) cultivated in Greece |
| title_full | Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Lycium barbarum (Goji) cultivated in Greece |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Lycium barbarum (Goji) cultivated in Greece |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Lycium barbarum (Goji) cultivated in Greece |
| title_short | Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Lycium barbarum (Goji) cultivated in Greece |
| title_sort | phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of lycium barbarum goji cultivated in greece |
| topic | goji berry polyphenols chemiluminescence lc-dad-ms (esi+) |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1265987 |
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