Mitigation of methane gas emission in rice by drip irrigation [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]
Background: Rice farming faces major challenges, including water limitation, drought and climate change in the current scenario of agriculture. Among the innovative water-saving techniques, drip irrigation is a forerunner, with maximized water-saving potential, increased grain yield and methane miti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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F1000 Research Ltd
2019-11-01
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| Series: | F1000Research |
| Online Access: | https://f1000research.com/articles/8-2023/v1 |
| _version_ | 1818601153592557568 |
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| author | Theivasigamani Parthasarathi Koothan Vanitha Sendass Mohandass Eli Vered |
| author_facet | Theivasigamani Parthasarathi Koothan Vanitha Sendass Mohandass Eli Vered |
| author_sort | Theivasigamani Parthasarathi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Rice farming faces major challenges, including water limitation, drought and climate change in the current scenario of agriculture. Among the innovative water-saving techniques, drip irrigation is a forerunner, with maximized water-saving potential, increased grain yield and methane mitigation. Methods: A field experiment was conducted comprising four different drip irrigation practices: (i) sub-surface drip irrigation (SDI) with 1.0 litre per hour (lph) discharge rate emitters (DRE) (SDI+1.0 lph DRE) (ii) SDI+0.6 lph DRE, (iii) surface drip irrigation (DI) with 1.0 lph discharge rate emitters (DI+1.0 lph DRE), (iv) DI+0.6 lph DRE and were compared with (v) a conventional flood aerobic irrigation (considered conventional). Results: The estimated grain yield of rice was found to be 23.5%, 20.3%, and 15.1% higher under SDI+1.0 lph DRE, SDI+0.6 lph DRE and DI+1.0 lph DRE practices, respectively, than the conventional method. A water saving of 23.3% was also observed for all drip practices compared with conventional practices. Seasonal methane emission flux declined 78.0% in the drip methods over the conventional irrigation: better mitigation than previously reported values (alternate wetting and drying (47.5%) and system of rice intensification (29.0%) practices). Continuous soil aeration and enhanced soil methanotrophs (P<0.05) limit the peak methane emission in rice during the flowering phase in drip irrigation, which is reflected in the methane emission flux values. Consequently, the equivalent CO2 (CO2-eq) emissions and yield-scaled CO2 eq-emission were found to be significantly lower in SDI (43.8% and 49.5%, respectively), and DI (25.1% and 26.7%, respectively) methods as compared with the conventional that ensures better methane mitigation and future climate-smart rice production systems. Conclusions: Drip irrigation could reduce the cumulative methane emission in aerobically grown rice. SDI + 1.0 lph DRE practice can be applied in areas with inadequate water availability and effective in reducing the CO2-eq emission with better yield than conventional. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T12:46:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a885cf089ca24dafaa634b7fabcd7f0a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2046-1402 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T12:46:51Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a885cf089ca24dafaa634b7fabcd7f0a2022-12-21T22:31:17ZengF1000 Research LtdF1000Research2046-14022019-11-01810.12688/f1000research.20945.123049Mitigation of methane gas emission in rice by drip irrigation [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]Theivasigamani Parthasarathi0Koothan Vanitha1Sendass Mohandass2Eli Vered3VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, IndiaDepartment of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, IndiaDepartment of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, IndiaNetafim Irrigation Ltd, Kibbutz Mahal, IsraelBackground: Rice farming faces major challenges, including water limitation, drought and climate change in the current scenario of agriculture. Among the innovative water-saving techniques, drip irrigation is a forerunner, with maximized water-saving potential, increased grain yield and methane mitigation. Methods: A field experiment was conducted comprising four different drip irrigation practices: (i) sub-surface drip irrigation (SDI) with 1.0 litre per hour (lph) discharge rate emitters (DRE) (SDI+1.0 lph DRE) (ii) SDI+0.6 lph DRE, (iii) surface drip irrigation (DI) with 1.0 lph discharge rate emitters (DI+1.0 lph DRE), (iv) DI+0.6 lph DRE and were compared with (v) a conventional flood aerobic irrigation (considered conventional). Results: The estimated grain yield of rice was found to be 23.5%, 20.3%, and 15.1% higher under SDI+1.0 lph DRE, SDI+0.6 lph DRE and DI+1.0 lph DRE practices, respectively, than the conventional method. A water saving of 23.3% was also observed for all drip practices compared with conventional practices. Seasonal methane emission flux declined 78.0% in the drip methods over the conventional irrigation: better mitigation than previously reported values (alternate wetting and drying (47.5%) and system of rice intensification (29.0%) practices). Continuous soil aeration and enhanced soil methanotrophs (P<0.05) limit the peak methane emission in rice during the flowering phase in drip irrigation, which is reflected in the methane emission flux values. Consequently, the equivalent CO2 (CO2-eq) emissions and yield-scaled CO2 eq-emission were found to be significantly lower in SDI (43.8% and 49.5%, respectively), and DI (25.1% and 26.7%, respectively) methods as compared with the conventional that ensures better methane mitigation and future climate-smart rice production systems. Conclusions: Drip irrigation could reduce the cumulative methane emission in aerobically grown rice. SDI + 1.0 lph DRE practice can be applied in areas with inadequate water availability and effective in reducing the CO2-eq emission with better yield than conventional.https://f1000research.com/articles/8-2023/v1 |
| spellingShingle | Theivasigamani Parthasarathi Koothan Vanitha Sendass Mohandass Eli Vered Mitigation of methane gas emission in rice by drip irrigation [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] F1000Research |
| title | Mitigation of methane gas emission in rice by drip irrigation [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_full | Mitigation of methane gas emission in rice by drip irrigation [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_fullStr | Mitigation of methane gas emission in rice by drip irrigation [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitigation of methane gas emission in rice by drip irrigation [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_short | Mitigation of methane gas emission in rice by drip irrigation [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_sort | mitigation of methane gas emission in rice by drip irrigation version 1 peer review 2 approved |
| url | https://f1000research.com/articles/8-2023/v1 |
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