Serum levels of bone turnover markers including calculation of Z-scores: Data from a Dutch healthy reference cohort
Introduction: Bone turnover markers (BTM) are biochemical compounds reflecting different stages of bone metabolism. Their levels change with age and differ between males and females. This makes clinical interpretation and comparison more difficult. Therefore, our aim was to establish BTM reference v...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Bone Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352187223000700 |
| _version_ | 1827591140429266944 |
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| author | Mark Siderius Suzanne Arends Anneke Muller Kobold Lucie Wagenmakers Karin Koerts Anneke Spoorenberg Eveline van der Veer |
| author_facet | Mark Siderius Suzanne Arends Anneke Muller Kobold Lucie Wagenmakers Karin Koerts Anneke Spoorenberg Eveline van der Veer |
| author_sort | Mark Siderius |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Bone turnover markers (BTM) are biochemical compounds reflecting different stages of bone metabolism. Their levels change with age and differ between males and females. This makes clinical interpretation and comparison more difficult. Therefore, our aim was to establish BTM reference values which can be used to calculate Z-scores for use in daily clinical practice. Methods: Serum markers of collagen resorption, bone formation/regulation, collagen formation and bone mineralization (sCTX, OC, PINP and BALP, respectively) were measured in non-fasting volunteers without bone-related abnormalities. Raw data was plotted and gender-specific age cohorts were established with their respective means and standard deviations (SD). Z-scores can be calculated using these reference values to correct for the influence of age and gender on BTM. Results: In total, 856 individuals were included of which 486 (57 %) were female. Individuals were aged between 7 and 70 years. Highest serum levels of BTM were found in childhood and puberty. Peak levels are higher in boys than girls and prevail at later ages. In adults, BTM levels decrease before reaching stable nadir levels. In adults, 10-year reference cohorts with means and SD were provided to calculate Z-scores. Conclusion: With our data, Z-scores of sCTX, OC, PINP and BALP can be calculated using reference categories (for age and gender) of Caucasian healthy volunteers. Clinicians can use BTM Z-scores to determine whether there are changes in bone turnover physiology beyond those expected during aging. BTM Z-scores facilitate harmonization of data interpretation in daily clinical practice and research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:27:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a89e6f6d675b48f2a65a4f2d30edf955 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-1872 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:27:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bone Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-a89e6f6d675b48f2a65a4f2d30edf9552023-12-10T06:16:22ZengElsevierBone Reports2352-18722023-12-0119101724Serum levels of bone turnover markers including calculation of Z-scores: Data from a Dutch healthy reference cohortMark Siderius0Suzanne Arends1Anneke Muller Kobold2Lucie Wagenmakers3Karin Koerts4Anneke Spoorenberg5Eveline van der Veer6Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; Corresponding author at: Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the NetherlandsLaboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the NetherlandsLaboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the NetherlandsLaboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the NetherlandsRheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the NetherlandsLaboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the NetherlandsIntroduction: Bone turnover markers (BTM) are biochemical compounds reflecting different stages of bone metabolism. Their levels change with age and differ between males and females. This makes clinical interpretation and comparison more difficult. Therefore, our aim was to establish BTM reference values which can be used to calculate Z-scores for use in daily clinical practice. Methods: Serum markers of collagen resorption, bone formation/regulation, collagen formation and bone mineralization (sCTX, OC, PINP and BALP, respectively) were measured in non-fasting volunteers without bone-related abnormalities. Raw data was plotted and gender-specific age cohorts were established with their respective means and standard deviations (SD). Z-scores can be calculated using these reference values to correct for the influence of age and gender on BTM. Results: In total, 856 individuals were included of which 486 (57 %) were female. Individuals were aged between 7 and 70 years. Highest serum levels of BTM were found in childhood and puberty. Peak levels are higher in boys than girls and prevail at later ages. In adults, BTM levels decrease before reaching stable nadir levels. In adults, 10-year reference cohorts with means and SD were provided to calculate Z-scores. Conclusion: With our data, Z-scores of sCTX, OC, PINP and BALP can be calculated using reference categories (for age and gender) of Caucasian healthy volunteers. Clinicians can use BTM Z-scores to determine whether there are changes in bone turnover physiology beyond those expected during aging. BTM Z-scores facilitate harmonization of data interpretation in daily clinical practice and research.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352187223000700Bone turnover markersBone metabolismZ-scoresReference valuesTreatment monitoring |
| spellingShingle | Mark Siderius Suzanne Arends Anneke Muller Kobold Lucie Wagenmakers Karin Koerts Anneke Spoorenberg Eveline van der Veer Serum levels of bone turnover markers including calculation of Z-scores: Data from a Dutch healthy reference cohort Bone Reports Bone turnover markers Bone metabolism Z-scores Reference values Treatment monitoring |
| title | Serum levels of bone turnover markers including calculation of Z-scores: Data from a Dutch healthy reference cohort |
| title_full | Serum levels of bone turnover markers including calculation of Z-scores: Data from a Dutch healthy reference cohort |
| title_fullStr | Serum levels of bone turnover markers including calculation of Z-scores: Data from a Dutch healthy reference cohort |
| title_full_unstemmed | Serum levels of bone turnover markers including calculation of Z-scores: Data from a Dutch healthy reference cohort |
| title_short | Serum levels of bone turnover markers including calculation of Z-scores: Data from a Dutch healthy reference cohort |
| title_sort | serum levels of bone turnover markers including calculation of z scores data from a dutch healthy reference cohort |
| topic | Bone turnover markers Bone metabolism Z-scores Reference values Treatment monitoring |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352187223000700 |
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