Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical aspects and preventive and therapeutic strategies
Abstract Background Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the result of a complex process in which several prenatal and/or postnatal factors interfere with lower respiratory tract development, leading to a severe, lifelong disease. In this review, what is presently known regarding BPD pathogenesis, it...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Translational Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12967-018-1417-7 |
| _version_ | 1819074517981462528 |
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| author | Nicola Principi Giada Maria Di Pietro Susanna Esposito |
| author_facet | Nicola Principi Giada Maria Di Pietro Susanna Esposito |
| author_sort | Nicola Principi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the result of a complex process in which several prenatal and/or postnatal factors interfere with lower respiratory tract development, leading to a severe, lifelong disease. In this review, what is presently known regarding BPD pathogenesis, its impact on long-term pulmonary morbidity and mortality and the available preventive and therapeutic strategies are discussed. Main body Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with persistent lung impairment later in life, significantly impacting health services because subjects with BPD have, in most cases, frequent respiratory diseases and reductions in quality of life and life expectancy. Prematurity per se is associated with an increased risk of long-term lung problems. However, in children with BPD, impairment of pulmonary structures and function is even greater, although the characterization of long-term outcomes of BPD is difficult because the adults presently available to study have received outdated treatment. Prenatal and postnatal preventive measures are extremely important to reduce the risk of BPD. Conclusion Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a respiratory condition that presently occurs in preterm neonates and can lead to chronic respiratory problems. Although knowledge about BPD pathogenesis has significantly increased in recent years, not all of the mechanisms that lead to lung damage are completely understood, which explains why therapeutic approaches that are theoretically effective have been only partly satisfactory or useless and, in some cases, potentially negative. However, prevention of prematurity, systematic use of nonaggressive ventilator measures, avoiding supraphysiologic oxygen exposure and administration of surfactant, caffeine and vitamin A can significantly reduce the risk of BPD development. Cell therapy is the most fascinating new measure to address the lung damage due to BPD. It is desirable that ongoing studies yield positive results to definitively solve a major clinical, social and economic problem. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T18:10:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a8a80dc5b6074406a5818c9e97a4e887 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1479-5876 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T18:10:47Z |
| publishDate | 2018-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Translational Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-a8a80dc5b6074406a5818c9e97a4e8872022-12-21T18:54:48ZengBMCJournal of Translational Medicine1479-58762018-02-0116111310.1186/s12967-018-1417-7Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical aspects and preventive and therapeutic strategiesNicola Principi0Giada Maria Di Pietro1Susanna Esposito2Università degli Studi di MilanoUniversità degli Studi di MilanoPediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di PerugiaAbstract Background Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the result of a complex process in which several prenatal and/or postnatal factors interfere with lower respiratory tract development, leading to a severe, lifelong disease. In this review, what is presently known regarding BPD pathogenesis, its impact on long-term pulmonary morbidity and mortality and the available preventive and therapeutic strategies are discussed. Main body Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with persistent lung impairment later in life, significantly impacting health services because subjects with BPD have, in most cases, frequent respiratory diseases and reductions in quality of life and life expectancy. Prematurity per se is associated with an increased risk of long-term lung problems. However, in children with BPD, impairment of pulmonary structures and function is even greater, although the characterization of long-term outcomes of BPD is difficult because the adults presently available to study have received outdated treatment. Prenatal and postnatal preventive measures are extremely important to reduce the risk of BPD. Conclusion Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a respiratory condition that presently occurs in preterm neonates and can lead to chronic respiratory problems. Although knowledge about BPD pathogenesis has significantly increased in recent years, not all of the mechanisms that lead to lung damage are completely understood, which explains why therapeutic approaches that are theoretically effective have been only partly satisfactory or useless and, in some cases, potentially negative. However, prevention of prematurity, systematic use of nonaggressive ventilator measures, avoiding supraphysiologic oxygen exposure and administration of surfactant, caffeine and vitamin A can significantly reduce the risk of BPD development. Cell therapy is the most fascinating new measure to address the lung damage due to BPD. It is desirable that ongoing studies yield positive results to definitively solve a major clinical, social and economic problem.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12967-018-1417-7Bronchopulmonary dysplasiaLungPrematurityPreterm neonatesRespiratory diseaseRespiratory tract infection |
| spellingShingle | Nicola Principi Giada Maria Di Pietro Susanna Esposito Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical aspects and preventive and therapeutic strategies Journal of Translational Medicine Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Lung Prematurity Preterm neonates Respiratory disease Respiratory tract infection |
| title | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical aspects and preventive and therapeutic strategies |
| title_full | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical aspects and preventive and therapeutic strategies |
| title_fullStr | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical aspects and preventive and therapeutic strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical aspects and preventive and therapeutic strategies |
| title_short | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical aspects and preventive and therapeutic strategies |
| title_sort | bronchopulmonary dysplasia clinical aspects and preventive and therapeutic strategies |
| topic | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Lung Prematurity Preterm neonates Respiratory disease Respiratory tract infection |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12967-018-1417-7 |
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