Antibody Responsiveness to Influenza: What Drives It?
The induction of a specific antibody response has long been accepted as a serological hallmark of recent infection or antigen exposure. Much of our understanding of the influenza antibody response has been derived from studying antibodies that target the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. However, growing...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1400 |
| _version_ | 1797525934113292288 |
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| author | Xia Lin Fangmei Lin Tingting Liang Mariette F. Ducatez Mark Zanin Sook-San Wong |
| author_facet | Xia Lin Fangmei Lin Tingting Liang Mariette F. Ducatez Mark Zanin Sook-San Wong |
| author_sort | Xia Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The induction of a specific antibody response has long been accepted as a serological hallmark of recent infection or antigen exposure. Much of our understanding of the influenza antibody response has been derived from studying antibodies that target the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. However, growing evidence points to limitations associated with this approach. In this review, we aim to highlight the issue of antibody non-responsiveness after influenza virus infection and vaccination. We will then provide an overview of the major factors known to influence antibody responsiveness to influenza after infection and vaccination. We discuss the biological factors such as age, sex, influence of prior immunity, genetics, and some chronic infections that may affect the induction of influenza antibody responses. We also discuss the technical factors, such as assay choices, strain variations, and viral properties that may influence the sensitivity of the assays used to measure influenza antibodies. Understanding these factors will hopefully provide a more comprehensive picture of what influenza immunogenicity and protection means, which will be important in our effort to improve influenza vaccines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:20:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a8c200e97b64442f80edab3679c1cb9a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:20:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-a8c200e97b64442f80edab3679c1cb9a2023-11-22T05:15:26ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-07-01137140010.3390/v13071400Antibody Responsiveness to Influenza: What Drives It?Xia Lin0Fangmei Lin1Tingting Liang2Mariette F. Ducatez3Mark Zanin4Sook-San Wong5State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, ChinaIHAP, UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, FranceState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, ChinaThe induction of a specific antibody response has long been accepted as a serological hallmark of recent infection or antigen exposure. Much of our understanding of the influenza antibody response has been derived from studying antibodies that target the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. However, growing evidence points to limitations associated with this approach. In this review, we aim to highlight the issue of antibody non-responsiveness after influenza virus infection and vaccination. We will then provide an overview of the major factors known to influence antibody responsiveness to influenza after infection and vaccination. We discuss the biological factors such as age, sex, influence of prior immunity, genetics, and some chronic infections that may affect the induction of influenza antibody responses. We also discuss the technical factors, such as assay choices, strain variations, and viral properties that may influence the sensitivity of the assays used to measure influenza antibodies. Understanding these factors will hopefully provide a more comprehensive picture of what influenza immunogenicity and protection means, which will be important in our effort to improve influenza vaccines.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1400influenzaantibody responsesseroconversionimmunityvaccine |
| spellingShingle | Xia Lin Fangmei Lin Tingting Liang Mariette F. Ducatez Mark Zanin Sook-San Wong Antibody Responsiveness to Influenza: What Drives It? Viruses influenza antibody responses seroconversion immunity vaccine |
| title | Antibody Responsiveness to Influenza: What Drives It? |
| title_full | Antibody Responsiveness to Influenza: What Drives It? |
| title_fullStr | Antibody Responsiveness to Influenza: What Drives It? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibody Responsiveness to Influenza: What Drives It? |
| title_short | Antibody Responsiveness to Influenza: What Drives It? |
| title_sort | antibody responsiveness to influenza what drives it |
| topic | influenza antibody responses seroconversion immunity vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1400 |
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