Sphygmomanometer Dynamic Pressure Measurement Using a Condenser Microphone
There is a worldwide need to improve blood pressure (BP) measurement error in order to correctly diagnose hypertension. Cardiovascular diseases cause 17.9 million deaths annually and are a substantial monetary strain on healthcare. The current measurement uncertainty of 3 mmHg should be improved upo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8340 |
| _version_ | 1827722149293457408 |
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| author | Žan Tomazini Gregor Geršak Samo Beguš |
| author_facet | Žan Tomazini Gregor Geršak Samo Beguš |
| author_sort | Žan Tomazini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is a worldwide need to improve blood pressure (BP) measurement error in order to correctly diagnose hypertension. Cardiovascular diseases cause 17.9 million deaths annually and are a substantial monetary strain on healthcare. The current measurement uncertainty of 3 mmHg should be improved upon. Dynamic pressure measurement standards are lacking or non-existing. In this study we propose a novel method of measuring air pressure inside the sphygmomanometer tubing during BP measurement using a condenser microphone. We designed, built, and tested a system that uses a radiofrequency (RF) modulation method to convert changes in capacitance of a condenser microphone into pressure signals. We tested the RF microphone with a low-frequency (LF) sound source, BP simulator and using a piezoresistive pressure sensor as a reference. Necessary tests were conducted to assess the uncertainty budget of the system. The RF microphone prototype has a working frequency range from 0.5 Hz to 280 Hz in the pressure range from 0 to 300 mmHg. The total expanded uncertainty (k = 2, <i>p</i> = 95.5%) of the RF microphone was 4.32 mmHg. The proposed method could establish traceability of BP measuring devices to acoustic standards described in IEC 61094-2 and could also be used in forming dynamic BP standards. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:34:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a8ca012e44af4a48a572b85502bbb1d8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:34:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-a8ca012e44af4a48a572b85502bbb1d82023-11-19T15:06:12ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-10-012319834010.3390/s23198340Sphygmomanometer Dynamic Pressure Measurement Using a Condenser MicrophoneŽan Tomazini0Gregor Geršak1Samo Beguš2Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaThere is a worldwide need to improve blood pressure (BP) measurement error in order to correctly diagnose hypertension. Cardiovascular diseases cause 17.9 million deaths annually and are a substantial monetary strain on healthcare. The current measurement uncertainty of 3 mmHg should be improved upon. Dynamic pressure measurement standards are lacking or non-existing. In this study we propose a novel method of measuring air pressure inside the sphygmomanometer tubing during BP measurement using a condenser microphone. We designed, built, and tested a system that uses a radiofrequency (RF) modulation method to convert changes in capacitance of a condenser microphone into pressure signals. We tested the RF microphone with a low-frequency (LF) sound source, BP simulator and using a piezoresistive pressure sensor as a reference. Necessary tests were conducted to assess the uncertainty budget of the system. The RF microphone prototype has a working frequency range from 0.5 Hz to 280 Hz in the pressure range from 0 to 300 mmHg. The total expanded uncertainty (k = 2, <i>p</i> = 95.5%) of the RF microphone was 4.32 mmHg. The proposed method could establish traceability of BP measuring devices to acoustic standards described in IEC 61094-2 and could also be used in forming dynamic BP standards.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8340RF microphoneblood pressurelow frequencyoscillometricBP simulator |
| spellingShingle | Žan Tomazini Gregor Geršak Samo Beguš Sphygmomanometer Dynamic Pressure Measurement Using a Condenser Microphone Sensors RF microphone blood pressure low frequency oscillometric BP simulator |
| title | Sphygmomanometer Dynamic Pressure Measurement Using a Condenser Microphone |
| title_full | Sphygmomanometer Dynamic Pressure Measurement Using a Condenser Microphone |
| title_fullStr | Sphygmomanometer Dynamic Pressure Measurement Using a Condenser Microphone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sphygmomanometer Dynamic Pressure Measurement Using a Condenser Microphone |
| title_short | Sphygmomanometer Dynamic Pressure Measurement Using a Condenser Microphone |
| title_sort | sphygmomanometer dynamic pressure measurement using a condenser microphone |
| topic | RF microphone blood pressure low frequency oscillometric BP simulator |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8340 |
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