Chemical Compositions and Source Analysis of PM2.5 during Autumn and Winter in a Heavily Polluted City in China
As one of the biggest cities in North China, Jinan has been suffering heavy air pollution in recent decades. To better characterize the ambient particulate matter in Jinan during heavy pollution periods, we collected daily PM<sub>2.5</sub> (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters e...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/4/336 |
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| author | Shasha Tian Yingying Liu Jing Wang Jian Wang Lujian Hou Bo Lv Xinhua Wang Xueyan Zhao Wen Yang Chunmei Geng Bin Han Zhipeng Bai |
| author_facet | Shasha Tian Yingying Liu Jing Wang Jian Wang Lujian Hou Bo Lv Xinhua Wang Xueyan Zhao Wen Yang Chunmei Geng Bin Han Zhipeng Bai |
| author_sort | Shasha Tian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As one of the biggest cities in North China, Jinan has been suffering heavy air pollution in recent decades. To better characterize the ambient particulate matter in Jinan during heavy pollution periods, we collected daily PM<sub>2.5</sub> (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters equal to or less than 2.5 μm) filter samples from 15 October 2017 to 31 January 2018 and analyzed their chemical compositions (including inorganic water-soluble ions (WSIs), carbonaceous species, and inorganic elements). The daily average concentration of PM<sub>2.5</sub> was 83.5 μg/m<sup>3</sup> during the sampling period. A meteorological analysis revealed that both low wind speed and high relative humidity facilitated the occurrence of high PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution episodes. A chemical analysis indicated that high concentrations of water-soluble ions, carbonaceous species, and elements were observed during heavy pollution days. The major constituents of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Jinan were secondary aerosol particles and organic matter based on the results of mass closure. Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) was used to track possible sources and identified that nitrate, sulfate, vehicle exhaust and coal fly ash were the main contributors to PM<sub>2.5</sub> during heavy pollution days in Jinan, accounting for 25.4%, 18.6%, 18.2%, and 13.3%, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:49:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a8d32587e2bc42a4865a8b94084464e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:49:04Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-a8d32587e2bc42a4865a8b94084464e02023-11-19T20:07:30ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332020-03-0111433610.3390/atmos11040336Chemical Compositions and Source Analysis of PM2.5 during Autumn and Winter in a Heavily Polluted City in ChinaShasha Tian0Yingying Liu1Jing Wang2Jian Wang3Lujian Hou4Bo Lv5Xinhua Wang6Xueyan Zhao7Wen Yang8Chunmei Geng9Bin Han10Zhipeng Bai11State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaJinan Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Jinan 250000, ChinaJinan Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Jinan 250000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaAs one of the biggest cities in North China, Jinan has been suffering heavy air pollution in recent decades. To better characterize the ambient particulate matter in Jinan during heavy pollution periods, we collected daily PM<sub>2.5</sub> (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters equal to or less than 2.5 μm) filter samples from 15 October 2017 to 31 January 2018 and analyzed their chemical compositions (including inorganic water-soluble ions (WSIs), carbonaceous species, and inorganic elements). The daily average concentration of PM<sub>2.5</sub> was 83.5 μg/m<sup>3</sup> during the sampling period. A meteorological analysis revealed that both low wind speed and high relative humidity facilitated the occurrence of high PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution episodes. A chemical analysis indicated that high concentrations of water-soluble ions, carbonaceous species, and elements were observed during heavy pollution days. The major constituents of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Jinan were secondary aerosol particles and organic matter based on the results of mass closure. Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) was used to track possible sources and identified that nitrate, sulfate, vehicle exhaust and coal fly ash were the main contributors to PM<sub>2.5</sub> during heavy pollution days in Jinan, accounting for 25.4%, 18.6%, 18.2%, and 13.3%, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/4/336PM<sub>2.5</sub>chemical componentsmass closurechemical mass balanceJinan |
| spellingShingle | Shasha Tian Yingying Liu Jing Wang Jian Wang Lujian Hou Bo Lv Xinhua Wang Xueyan Zhao Wen Yang Chunmei Geng Bin Han Zhipeng Bai Chemical Compositions and Source Analysis of PM2.5 during Autumn and Winter in a Heavily Polluted City in China Atmosphere PM<sub>2.5</sub> chemical components mass closure chemical mass balance Jinan |
| title | Chemical Compositions and Source Analysis of PM2.5 during Autumn and Winter in a Heavily Polluted City in China |
| title_full | Chemical Compositions and Source Analysis of PM2.5 during Autumn and Winter in a Heavily Polluted City in China |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Compositions and Source Analysis of PM2.5 during Autumn and Winter in a Heavily Polluted City in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Compositions and Source Analysis of PM2.5 during Autumn and Winter in a Heavily Polluted City in China |
| title_short | Chemical Compositions and Source Analysis of PM2.5 during Autumn and Winter in a Heavily Polluted City in China |
| title_sort | chemical compositions and source analysis of pm2 5 during autumn and winter in a heavily polluted city in china |
| topic | PM<sub>2.5</sub> chemical components mass closure chemical mass balance Jinan |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/4/336 |
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